Table 1. Summary of Uses of Piezoelectric Materials in Civil Engineering.

Authors	Application	Method	Key contribution
Chen et al. (2002)51	Composite beam	Dynamic stability analysis	Active control with linear quadratic regulator
Narayanan et al. (2003)53	Piezoelectric laminated structure	Finite element method	Sensor and actuator for active control
Schoeftner et al. (2019)55	One dimension rod	Single frequency harmonic test	Feed-forward technique of active control
Selim et al. (2019)56	GPLs reinforced composite layer	Dynamic analysis with modified Halpin–Tsai	Active vibration control for FG-V nano plates
Al-Furjan et al. (2021)57	GPLRC cylindrical micro shell	Semi numeric and finite element modeling	Vibration control with PD controller
Karegar et al. (2021)58	Reinforced concrete frame	Optimization analysis with Newmark method	Active control with GWO
Luo et al. (2022)59	Laminated plate	Nonlinear dynamic analysis	Active nonlinear buckling control with SMA and PZT
Chen et al. (2000)61	Building	Dynamic analysis	Piezoelectric friction damper (PFD)
Li et al. (2006)62	Beam and diagonal member	Dynamic analysis	System of isolator with Bang–Bang controller and PFD
Etadali et al. (2013)64	Structure	Time domain analysis	PD/PID and LQG controller for PFD
Wang et al. (2017)67	Stewart cubic	Newton-Euler method	6-axis orthogonal vibration isolation system
Zhao et al. (2019)68	Base ısolatıon system	Experimental work with real-time target machine	Active base isolation with H∞ controller
Wang et al. (2021)69	Piezoceramic friction damper (PCFD)	Hysteretic performance test	Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy neural network semiactive control system
Choo et al. (2022)70	Bridge structures	Dynamic analysis	Piezoelectric with TMD
Karayannis et al. (2015)71	Reinforced concrete beams	As analytical solution	Detection of flexural damage with piezoelectric sensor
Song et al. (2007)74	Reinforced concrete beams	High frequency excitation	Damage detection with EMI technique by using PZT sensor
Gu et al. (2005)72	High scaled structure	Harmonic excitation	PVDF sensor for wıreless system
Soh et al. (2000)77	Reinforced concrete bridges	Lamb waves	Smart piezoceramic patches in health monitoring
Alem et al. (2016)79	Plate-like structures	Lamb waves	Reference-free damage identification
Song et al. (2012)83	Concrete structures	Testing of mechanical in the concrete	Concrete piezoelectric smart material (CPSM)
Liao et al. (2011)88	Concrete columns	Seismic excitations	Crack damage detections with PZT sensor and actuators
Yu et al. (2013)90	Steel bridges	Ultrasonic nondestructive method (NDE)	Two piezoelectric sensor long-term evaluation
Hu et al. (2013)91	Concrete structures	Three-point bending test	Embedded piezoelectric sensor
Voutetatki et al. (2012)92	Concrete reinforced with FRP	Dynamic loading for numerical analysis	SHM with smart piezoelectric materials
Xu et al. (2013)93	concrete-filled steel tube	Wavelet packet analysis	Structural behavior
Hughi et al. (2015)94	RC tube and beam	Bulk wave system	Crack width monitoring system
Chalioris et al. (2015)95	RC beam	Typical flexural and monotonic loading	Base of PZT SHM with EMI technique
Zhang et al. (2016)97	Highway and airway	Diffusivity-based crack detection method	Damage detection of concrete cracks
Cahill et al. (2018)98	Bridge structure	Permanent magnet shaker	Energy harvesting cantilevered
Song et al. (2017)99	Construction infrastructure	Signal feedback from force sensor	The shape of aggregate embedded piezoelectric sensor
Zhang and Su (2017)100	Concrete structure, dam module	Ibrahım time domaın, shake table, compressıon test	Concrete piezoelectric smart module (CPSM) for SHM
Chen et al. (2021)104	Metallic structures	Lamb waves driven	Damage detection of fatigue cracks
Jiang et al. (2021)105	Concrete laminated interface	Push-out experimental method	Damage detection with piezoelectric smart aggregate
Pan et al. (2022)107	Concrete structures	Mechanical compression test	By using piezoelectric sensor and piezoelectric cement sensor with EMI for monitoring of stress and strain behavior
Kumar et al. (2013)122	Floor tiles	Simulation and shaker experimental method	Piezoelectric harvesting module
Lee et al. (2011)125	Pavement energy harvesting	Dynamic loading to pavements	Piezoelectric materials to be used in the energy conversion system on vehicle road
Wang et al. (2018)126	Pavement energy harvesting	Mechanical testing and simulation (MTS)	100 mm × 100 mm stacked piezoelectric energy-harvesting
Xiong et al. (2012)129	Pavement energy harvesting	Sinusoidal energy power output from the random external excitation	Effect of deformations of pavements on electrical energy
Wang et al. (2016)131	Pavement energy harvesting	Random vibratıon analysis	Response of output voltage by using 0.4 mm thickness and 30 mm diameter PZT
Yang et al. (2017)132	Highway traffic	Finite element method	Piezoelectric transducer
Izrin et al. (2017)133	Rain drop	Half wave rectifier	PVDF transducer for kınetic energy harvesting
Wang et al. (2019)134	Pavement energy harvesting	50 000 simulations (MTS) without cyclic loading	In order to energy harvest by using U-shaped interlayer copper foil electrode structure and lateral lead electrode structure
Tang et al. (2011)135	Buildings	Analytical model and experimental method	Energy harvesting from TMD using pulse width modulation (PWM) and linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controllers
Dutoit et al. (2005)140	Beam structure	Ambient vibration test	MEMS-scale device for energy harvesting
Pan et al. (2017)141	Cantilevered structure	Finite element analysis	Piezoelectric damper with structural vibration for energy harvesting
Xie et al. (2015)142	High-rise buildings	Harmonic response analysis	Piezoelectric cantilevered for energy harvesting
Priya et al. (2005)144	Rectangular slabs	Periodic magnetic forces	By using piezoelectric windmill and magnetic ring slabs for energy harvesting
Qian et al. (2018)146	Continuous bar	Spider-80X dynamic analyzer with shaker	Design of electromechanical coupling model and piezoelectric stack transducer for energy harvesting