| Genistein |
Microemulsion |
Microemulsification |
>100 nm |
Drug-loaded topically applied microemulsion improved
the bioavailability
and therapeutic efficacy of genistein for skin whitening |
(133) |
| Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) |
Nanoemulsion-based in situ dressing |
High speed homogenization
and ultraprobe sonification |
257.5 ± 12.4 nm |
Improved penetration and controlled
delivery of CHG for treatment
for skin infections |
(134) |
| Magnesium ascorbyl
phosphate (MAP) |
Ethosomal gel |
Cold method |
160.57 ± 13.7 nm |
Controlled permeation and higher retention within skin layers
with an excellent decrease in skin melanin content |
(135) |
| Curcumin (CUR) |
Permeation enhancer nanovesicles (PE-NVs) |
Modified ethanol injection |
- |
Effectively
reduced the skin lesions in hyperpigmented skin
of rabbit |
(136) |
| Dexamethasone (DMS) |
Cubosomal gel |
Emulsification |
250.40 nm |
Prolonged and sustained drug
delivery via topical administration
for vitiligo therapy |
(137) |
| Solasonine, Solamargine |
Liposomes |
Thin-film hydration |
220 nm |
Improved bioavailability and
therapeutic efficacy ex
vivo using SCC-25 and HaCaT cell lines for skin diseases |
(138) |
| Butenafine (BN) |
Bilosome-based topical
hydrogel |
Thin-film hydration |
215 ± 6.5 nm |
Considerable effectiveness
against skin infections caused by A. niger and C. albicans fungal strains |
(139) |
| Azelaic acid |
Cyclodextrin nanosponges |
Melt method |
- |
Improved activity against
oxidation, microbial skin infections
in the HaCaT cell lines with safe and sustained release in the treatment
of acne and skin pigmentation |
(140) |
| Acyclovir |
Lipid-coated chitosan nanocomplexes |
Self-assembly method |
177.50 ± 1.41 nm |
Improved skin permeation and
deposition efficiency and significant
efficacy in the treatment of skin viral infections |
(141) |
