. 2023 Apr 5;9(2):82–89. doi: 10.1002/cdt3.65

Table 1.

GOLD combined assessment and treatment of COPD.

Patient group	Exacerbations per year	CAT score	mMRC dyspnea scale score	Initial management
A	≤1	<10	0–1	A bronchodilator
B	≤1	≥10	≥2	LABA + LAMA^a
E	≥2 Exacerbations per year or ≥1 with hospitalization			LABA + LAMA^a consider LABA + LAMA + ICS if blood eos ≥300

Abbreviations: CAT, COPD Assessment Test; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long‐acting β2 agonist; LAMA, long‐acting anticholinergic; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council.

^{^a}

Single inhaler therapy may be more convenient and effective than multiple inhalers.