Table 2.
LPS following NC-FET: characteristics of the included studies
| Study | Design | Sample size | Method of embryo freezing | HCG ovulation trigger | LPS regime | LPS time | Primary outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lee et al. (2013) |
Retrospective cohort | 408 | Not reported | No | IM 1500 IU uhCG | On FET day and 6 days after FET | n.s. in CPR |
|
Lee et al. (2017) |
RCT | 450 | Not reported | No | IM 1500 IU uhCG | On FET day and 6 days after FET | n.s. in OPR |
| Bjuresten et al. (2011) | RCT | 435 | Not reported | No | Vaginal micronized progesterone, 400 mg twice a day | Starting three days after the LH surge |
LBR, P = 0.027 n.s. in CPR, MR |
|
Wanggren et al. (2022) |
RCT | 488 | Slow freezing/ Vitrification | No | Vaginal progesterone tablets,100 mg twice daily | Starting on the day of FET and continued for six full weeks corresponding to 8 weeks of pregnancy | LBR, P = 0.017 |
|
Kyrou et al. (2010) |
Retrospective cohort | 452 | Slow freezing | Yes | Vaginal micronized progesterone, 200 mg three times daily | Starting one day following hCG trigger until 7 weeks of gestation | n.s. in OPR |
|
Kim et al. (2014) |
Retrospective cohort | 228 | Vitrification | Yes | Vaginal progesterone gel once daily | Starting 2 days after hCG trigger until 11–12 weeks of gestation |
LBR, P = 0.041 MR, P = 0.044 |
|
Eftekhar et al. (2013) |
RCT | 103 | Vitrification | Yes | IM progesterone 50 mg twice daily |
Starting 36 h following hCG trigger until 10 weeks of gestation |
n.s. in CPR, IR |
|
Schwartz et al. (2019) |
Retrospective cohort | 231 | Vitrification | Yes | Vaginal micronized progesterone, 200 mg twice daily | Starting two days following hCG trigger until 9 weeks of gestation | CPR, P = 0.020 |
|
Horowitz (2020) |
RCT | 59 | Slow freezing/ Vitrification | Yes | Vaginal micronized progesterone, 100 mg twice daily | Starting two days following hCG trigger until 8 weeks of gestation | n.s. in CPR |
Notes: LPS: luteal phase support; IM: intramuscular injection; FET: frozen–thawed embryo transfer; CPR, clinical pregnant rate; RCT: randomized controlled trial; OPR: ongoing pregnant rate; LH: luteinizing hormone; LBR: live birth rate; MR: miscarriage rate; uhCG: urine human chorionic gonadotropin ;hCG: human chorionic gonadotropin; IR: implantation rate, n.s., not significant.