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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 8.
Published in final edited form as: Child Abuse Negl. 2022 Jul 19;132:105792. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105792

Table 2.

Results of measurement model using CFA

Latent construct Observed Item β SE Composite reliability
Neighborhood social cohesion People around here are willing to help their neighbors 0.853*** 0.047 0.836
This is a close-knit neighborhood 0.871*** 0.047
People in this neighborhood can be trusted 0.802*** 0.044
People in this neighborhood generally don’t get along with each othera 0.579*** 0.035
People in this neighborhood do not share the same valuesa 0.524*** 0.034
Housing insecurity Did not pay full amount of rent/mortgage 0.758*** 0.025 0.853
Evicted from home or apartment 0.640*** 0.048
Did not pay full amount of utilities 0.908*** 0.029
Electricity turned off 0.727*** 0.028
Doubled Up 0.636*** 0.042
Homeless 0.556*** 0.055
Psychological abuseb Parent has shouted, yelled, or screamed at child 0.707*** 0.013 0.827
Parent has threatened to spank or hit child but did not actually do it 0.849*** 0.011
Parent has swore or cursed at child 0.707*** 0.015
Parent has called child dumb/lazy/some other name like that 0.585*** 0.020
Parent has said would send child away or kick child out of the house 0.614*** 0.026
Physical abuseb Parent has spanked child on bottom with bare hand 0.748*** 0.012 0.800
Parent has spanked child on bottom with brush or other hard object 0.768*** 0.013
Parent has slapped child on hand, arm, or leg 0.830*** 0.011
Parent has pinched child 0.531*** 0.026
Parent shook child 0.417*** 0.037
Model fit RMSEA (95 % CI) CFI SRMR X2
0.028 (0.025, 0.030) 0.987 0.052 596.315***
a

Reverse coded.

b

Measured on a 6-point scale.

***

p < 0.001.