Table 4.
General practitioners’ monitoring strategies stratified by COVID-19 disease severity and by period of infection of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection followed by general practitioners in Modena’s province (Italy) from March 2020 to April 2021.
| Monitoring strategies | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Remote monitoring |
Home visits |
GP monitoring |
||||||||||||
| n | None | PM | AM, irregular | AM, daily | AM, twice daily | None | USCA or OoH | GP | USCA + GPs | No low-level | AM, daily | Home visits | ||
| Overall | Total | 5340 | 569 (11) | 1757 (33) | 1439 (27) | 1275 (24) | 300 (6) | 4500 (84) | 382 (7) | 383 (7) | 75 (1) | 3470 (65) | 1030 (19) | 840 (16) |
| First Wave | 298 | 15 (5) | 58 (20) | 86 (29) | 108 (36) | 31 (10) | 220 (74) | 22 (7) | 50 (17) | 6 (2) | 128 (43) | 92 (31) | 78 (26) | |
| Sub. Waves | 5042 | 554 (11) | 1699 (34) | 1353 (27) | 1167 (23) | 269 (5) | 4280 (85) | 360 (7) | 333 (7) | 69 (1) | 3342 (66) | 938 (19) | 762 (15) | |
| p* | <0.001 | <.001 | <.001 | |||||||||||
| NIH stage 0 | First Wave | 18 | 8 (44) | 6 (33) | 3 (17) | 1 (6) | 0 (0) | 18 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 17 (94) | 1 (6) | 0 (0) |
| Asymptomatic | Sub. Waves | 901 | 375 (42) | 379 (42) | 87 (10) | 45 (5) | 15 (2) | 870 (97) | 7 (1) | 23 (3) | 1 (0) | 820 (91) | 50 (6) | 31 (3) |
| p* | .818 | .887 | .725 | |||||||||||
| NIH stage 1 | First Wave | 108 | 3 (3) | 29 (27) | 44 (41) | 31 (29) | 1 (1) | 95 (88) | 8 (7) | 4 (4) | 1 (1) | 69 (64) | 26 (24) | 13 (12) |
| Mild disease | Sub. Waves | 2856 | 136 (5) | 1144 (40) | 1015 (36) | 528 (19) | 33 (1) | 2671 (94) | 59 (2) | 116 (4) | 10 (0) | 2195 (77) | 476 (17) | 185 (7) |
| p* | .017 | .002 | .005 | |||||||||||
| NIH stage 2 | First Wave | 77 | 0 (0) | 14 (18) | 24 (31) | 32 (42) | 7 (9) | 56 (73) | 7 (9) | 10 (13) | 4 (5) | 27 (35) | 29 (38) | 21 (27) |
| Moderate disease | Sub. Waves | 746 | 8 (1) | 130 (17) | 189 (25) | 337 (45) | 82 (11) | 485 (65) | 147 (20) | 98 (13) | 16 (2) | 234 (31) | 251 (34) | 261 (35) |
| p* | .698 | .057 | .398 | |||||||||||
| NIH stage 3 | First Wave | 45 | 0 (0) | 4 (9) | 9 (20) | 20 (44) | 12 (27) | 28 (62) | 5 (11) | 12 (27) | 0 (0) | 8 (18) | 20 (44) | 17 (38) |
| Severe disease | Sub. Waves | 344 | 14 (4) | 29 (8) | 43 (13) | 173 (50) | 85 (25) | 170 (49) | 89 (26) | 60 (17) | 25 (7) | 54 (16) | 116 (34) | 174 (51) |
| p* | .427 | .019 | .253 | |||||||||||
| NIH stage 4 | First Wave | 50 | 4 (8) | 5 (10) | 6 (12) | 24 (48) | 11 (22) | 23 (46) | 2 (4) | 24 (48) | 1 (2) | 7 (14) | 16 (32) | 27 (54) |
| Critical disease | Sub. Waves | 195 | 21 (11) | 17 (9) | 19 (10) | 84 (43) | 54 (28) | 84 (43) | 58 (30) | 36 (19) | 17 (9) | 39 (20) | 45 (23) | 111 (57) |
| p* | .866 | <.001 | .351 | |||||||||||
PM: passive monitoring; AM: active monitoring; USCA: special units of continuity care; OoH: general practitioner Out of Hour Service; GP: general practitioner; First Wave: March 2020 – May 2020; Subsequent (Sub.) Waves: June 2020 – April 2021; NIH: US National Institute of Health. Categorical variables are reported as number and percentage on n.
*Calculated using Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test when appropriate.