Table 3.
Breast cancer screening: study characteristics and results of mammography completion (n = 3)
| Author (year), country | Population N (intervention group, control group) Age range |
Intervention description | Results: screening completion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lee et al. (2017a), USA | Korean-American women and their spouses Intervention group: n = 57 Control group: n = 79 Age 40–79 |
Adapted a previous intervention to deliver it online. The original program consisted of (a) showing a project-team designed 30-min Korean-language film (in DVD format) to participants. This was split into 2 and uploaded to view online; (b) holding a brief group discussion session immediately after the film showing. This was replaced by posting the PowerPoint summary of the study for participants to view online after watching the DVD; (c) requiring each couple to complete a discussion activity together at home to enhance spousal support for the women within 24 h of watching the DVD. This was adapted by asking couples to complete a homework activity and then calling the study phone number to leave a message about what they discussed as proof of completing the homework activity. |
Mammogram completion Follow-up: 2 months Intervention group: 22% vs control group: 13%, P = 0.36 |
| Lee et al. (2017b), USA | Korean-American women Intervention group: n = 60 Control group: n = 60 Age 40–79 |
Culturally and personally tailored multilevel and multimedia messages over 1 week through a mobile phone app along with a health navigator. System had 5 components: web-based application to enroll participants, set user preferences, display area clinic information on GPS, and upload text and multimedia messages; a database to store participant records, rules, and messages sent and received; a program to establish the appropriate timing of messages, determine which messages to send, and process received replies; a text-message delivery or reception platform; and a health navigator for assistance navigating cancer screening information, addressing technical problems, and providing transportation and interpretation services. | Mammogram completion Follow-up: 6 months Intervention group: 75% vs control group: 30%, P < 0.001 |
| Russell et al. (2010), USA | Low-income African American women Intervention group: n = 89 Control group: n = 90 Age: 41–75 |
Interactive, tailored computer instruction at baseline and 4-monthly lay health advisor counseling sessions. Algorithm of tailored messages guided by behavior and belief models to identify the fear and fatalistic views of breast cancer to assess health beliefs, self-efficacy, barriers to screening, and stage of readiness for mammography. Incorporated African American narrators and storytellers and a video demonstration of the mammography screening procedure. | Medical records mammography completion Follow-up: 6 months Intervention group: 51% vs control group: 18%, P < 0.05 RR = 2.7, CI = 1.8–3.7, P < 0.0001 Adjusted for employment, disability, relative with breast cancer, health insurance, previous biopsies |
BCT, behavioral construct tailoring; CI, confidence interval; CRT, culturally relevant tailoring; OR, odds ratio; RR, relative risk.