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. 2023 Jun 5;11:e15416. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15416

Table 3. Determinants of acute undernutrition among pregnant women in Chinaksen District, eastern Ethiopia, 2017 (n = 226).

Determinants Cases (%) Controls (%) COR (95% CI) p-value AOR (95% CI) p-value
Residence area Urban 75 (66.4) 61 (54.0) 1
Rural 38 (33.6) 52 (46.0) 1.68 (0.98, 2.88) 0.058 0.71 (0.30, 1.68) 0.490
Age (in year) <25 40 (35.4) 35 (31.0) 1.93 (0.85, 4.40) 0.116 2.24 (0.72, 7.82) 0.166
25-34 60 (53.1) 56 (49.6) 1.81 (0.83, 3.94) 0.133 0.95 (0.28, 2.94) 0.943
≥35 13 (11.5) 22 (19.5) 1
Family size <4 12 (10.6) 57 (50.4) 1
≥ 4 101 (89.4) 56 (49.6) 8.57(4.24,17.30) <0.001 6.98 (2.82, 17.27) <0.001
Average monthly income (in birr) ≤1000 49 (43.4) 31 (27.4) 2.02 (1.16, 3.53) 0.013 1.26 (0.52, 3.05) 0.651
>1000 64 (56.6) 82 (72.6) 1
Polygamy marriage Yes 17 (15.0) 6 (5.3) 3.16 (1.20, 8.33) 0.020 1.31 (0.39, 4.37) 0.649
No 96 (85.0) 107 (94.7) 1
Decision making autonomy Low 37 (32.7) 23 (20.4) 4.02 (1.79, 9.03) 0.001 2.07 (0.69, 6.17) 0.181
Medium 62 (54.9) 55 (48.7) 2.82 (1.37, 5.78) 0.005 1.78 (0.68, 4.67) 0.221
High 14 (12.4) 35 (31.0) 1
Pregnancy intention Planned 62 (54.9) 82 (72.6) 1
Unplanned 51 (45.1) 31 (27.4) 2.18 (1.25, 3.40) 0.006 1.33 (0.60, 2.92) 0.503
Antenatal care attend Yes 60 (53.1) 77 (68.1) 1
No 53 (46.9) 36 (31.9) 1.89 (1.10, 3.25) 0.021 0.73 (0.31, 1.72) 0.500
Prenatal dietary advice Yes 47 (41.6) 88 (77.9) 1
No 66 (58.4) 25 (22.1) 4.94 (2.77, 8.83) <0.001 3.68 (1.70, 8.00) <0.001
Participated on HDA meeting Yes 34 (30.1) 48 (42.5) 1
No 79 (69.9) 65 (57.5) 1.72 (0.99, 2.97) 0.054 0.92 (0.41, 2.11) 0.781
Participated on cooking demonstration Yes 28 (24.8) 55 (48.7) 1
No 85 (74.2) 58 (51.3) 2.88 (1.64, 5.06) <0.001 5.41 (2.39, 12.24) <0.001
Substances use (at least one) Yes 102 (90.3) 92 (81.4) 2.12 (0.97, 4.63) 0.060 3.65 (1.30, 10.23) 0.013
No 11 (9.7) 21 (18.6) 1
Basic toilet possession Yes
No
63 (55.8)
50 (44.2)
93 (82.3)
20 (17.7)
1
3.69 (2.01, 6.79)

<0.001

2.91 (1.28, 6.58)

0.014
Minimum dietary diversity of women Low 82 (72.6) 45 (39.8) 4.00 (2.28, 6.99) <0.001 2.48 (1.20, 5.12) 0.012
High 31 (27.4) 68 (60.2) 1
Household food security status Secure 47 (41.6) 75 (66.4) 1
Insecure 66 (58.4) 38 (33.6) 2.77 (1.61, 4.76) <0.001 3.06 (1.44, 6.51) 0.003

Notes.

COR
Crude Odds Ratio
AOR
Adjusted Odds Ratio
CI
Confidence Interval
HDA
Health Development Army