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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sens Actuators B Chem. 2023 May 18;390:133994. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2023.133994

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Quantitative detection of AFP biomarker in serum samples from patients with liver cancer (S4-S11) and healthy individuals (S1-S3) using the CRISPR-powered PGM biosensor. (A) Quantification of AFP concentration in the serum samples of patients with liver cancer and healthy individuals by using the ELISA method. Error bars represent ± s.d. of three independent experiments. (B) Representative AFP test results of the clinical serum samples from eight patients with liver cancer and three healthy individuals by using the biosensor. (C) AFP biomarker was measured and quantified by the biosensor after a 60-min glucose-producing reaction. AFP concentration in each clinical sample was calculated according to the logarithmic relationship between c(glucose) and c(AFP) (Figure 4B). n.d. indicates “not detected.” Error bars represent ± s.d. of three independent experiments. (D) Heat map showing the AFP concentration in clinical serum samples determined by ELISA and the CRISPR-powered PGM biosensor. The presented concentrations are average values from three independent measurements.