Table 3.

Factors Associated with Helicobacter Pylori Infection in a Multivariate Model, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III

Characteristics associated with H. pylori infection	Adjusted prevalence rate ratio	Lower confidence limit	Upper confidence limit	p
Cannabis ever use vs. never use	0.79	0.66	0.95	0.0145
Age, per 10 year increase	1.26	1.20	1.33	<0.0001
Sex, female vs. male	0.86	0.77	0.96	0.0082
BMI, per 5 increase	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.4126
Household size, per 2 increase	1.08	1.02	1.14	0.0108
Race
Black vs. White	2.26	1.83	2.79	<0.0001
Hispanics vs. Whites	1.73	1.20	2.51	0.0005
Others vs. Whites	1.72	1.08	2.75	0.0134
Hospital region
Midwest vs. Northeast	1.07	0.75	1.52	1
South vs. Northeast	1.29	0.92	1.82	0.2623
West vs. Northeast	1.13	0.77	1.67	1
Rural vs. urban location	1.02	0.83	1.25	0.88
Income status
$20,000–40,000 vs. less than $40,000	1.16	0.96	1.40	0.1959
Less than $20,000 vs. $40,000	1.26	1.01	1.57	0.0319
Educational level
Below grade 12 vs. above grade 12	1.79	1.42	2.26	<0.0001
Grade 12 vs. above grade 12	1.59	1.21	2.09	0.0001
Household pets	0.96	0.85	1.07	0.4456
Current smoking	0.97	0.87	1.09	0.6505
Tap water	1.07	0.83	1.38	0.6188
Place of birth, outside the United States vs. within United States	1.62	1.20	2.18	0.0015
Alcohol use
Modest use vs. nonuse	1.05	0.85	1.29	1
Excessive use vs. nonuse	0.96	0.69	1.33	1
Marital status
Married vs. single	1.09	0.88	1.35	0.985
Separated vs. single	1.19	0.98	1.46	0.0951