Table 3. Robustness test results.

Variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
	GVCP	APL	RCA	GVCPat	MEXPY
ROD		0.0051***	0.0165***	0.0057*	0.0071***
		(2.5940)	(4.2511)	(1.8577)	(3.6220)
RODIFR	0.0054***
	(2.9798)
EPR	0.0705**	0.0671**	-0.1046	-0.1211**	0.0295
	(2.1715)	(2.0717)	(-1.3996)	(-1.9801)	(0.6627)
PGDP	0.0429	0.0451	0.0002	0.0602	-0.1168***
	(1.4867)	(1.5689)	(0.0046)	(1.2441)	(-6.8708)
TAF	-0.0103*	-0.0102*	-0.0415***	-0.0369***	-0.0433***
	(-1.7010)	(-1.7122)	(-3.5627)	(-3.7410)	(-7.6782)
REX	-0.0347***	-0.0326***	-0.1212***	0.0788***	0.0878***
	(-2.7433)	(-2.5907)	(-3.7866)	(2.8341)	(7.3676)
IEF	0.0344	0.0310	0.2512**	0.2004*	-0.2446***
	(0.6775)	(0.6065)	(2.0520)	(1.8976)	(-5.3362)
EMP	-0.0177*	-0.0175*	0.1773***	-0.0009	0.0135
	(-1.7769)	(-1.7578)	(9.6192)	(-0.0506)	(1.3767)
EXP	-0.0060	-0.0056	0.0147	-0.0251**	0.0049
	(-1.3427)	(-1.2615)	(1.3429)	(-2.1866)	(0.8831)
IMP	-0.0208**	-0.0213**	-0.0230	-0.0237*	0.0319***
	(-2.2787)	(-2.3568)	(-1.4916)	(-1.7210)	(4.3687)
Constant	1.0127***	1.0117***	0.5364	0.2599	484.1383***
	(4.3644)	(4.3884)	(1.1261)	(0.6174)	(1,879.1267)
National	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Industry	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Year	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
N	10260	10260	10260	10260	10260
R2	0.9768	0.9742	0.9587	0.9395	0.9735