Table 3.
Existing commercial products that use exothermic reactions for heat. Battery estimated energy capacities (estimated from manufacturer datasheets) are listed for comparison.
| Fuel | Reactants | Est. energy capacity | Sample consumer product |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium oxide | CaO + H2O | 1 kJ/g | Hot CanA |
| Calcium Chloride | CaCl2 + H2O | 1 kJ/g | Rocket Fuel coffeeB |
| Iron filings | Fe + 3 O2 | 30 kJ/g | HotHands hand warmersC |
| Sodium Acetate | Na+ +C2H3O2 | 0.3 kJ/g | Heat Wave hand warmersD |
| Magnesium Iron | Mg-Fe + H2O | 15 kJ/g | Field ration heaters for meals ready to eat (MREs)E |
| AA Alkaline batteryF | Zn/MnO2 | 0.4 kJ/g | Remote control |
| Lithium coin cell CR2032G | Li/MnO2 | 0.7 kJ/g | Laser pointer |