Table 1.
Characteristics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2–Positive Study Participants by Variant of Concern Time Period
| Characteristic | Variant of Concern Time Period | P Value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 2402) | Pre-Delta (n = 463) | Delta (n = 1198) | Omicron (n = 741) | ||||||
| Age, ya | <.001 | ||||||||
| 18–34 | 1000 | (42.0) | 166 | (35.9) | 500 | (41.8) | 334 | (46.0) | |
| 35–49 | 752 | (31.5) | 147 | (31.8) | 376 | (31.4) | 229 | (31.5) | |
| 50–64 | 446 | (18.7) | 116 | (25.1) | 217 | (18.1) | 113 | (15.6) | |
| ≥65 | 186 | (7.8) | 33 | (7.1) | 103 | (8.6) | 50 | (6.9) | |
| Genderb | .193 | ||||||||
| Female | 1554 | (66.6) | 297 | (66.3) | 767 | (65.3) | 490 | (68.9) | |
| Male | 750 | (32.2) | 149 | (33.3) | 388 | (33.1) | 213 | (30.0) | |
| Transgender/nonbinary/other | 29 | (1.2) | 2 | (0.5) | 19 | (1.6) | 8 | (1.1) | |
| Ethnicityc | .019 | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 330 | (14.0) | 77 | (16.9) | 143 | (12.1) | 110 | (15.4) | |
| Raced | <.001 | ||||||||
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 16 | (0.7) | 4 | (0.9) | 9 | (0.8) | 3 | (0.4) | |
| Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 275 | (11.8) | 24 | (5.3) | 141 | (12.0) | 110 | (15.4) | |
| Black | 186 | (8.0) | 81 | (18.0) | 67 | (5.7) | 38 | (5.3) | |
| Other | 199 | (8.5) | 36 | (8.0) | 93 | (7.9) | 70 | (9.8) | |
| White | 1665 | (71.1) | 305 | (67.8) | 867 | (73.7) | 493 | (69.1) | |
| Educatione | <.001 | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 26 | (1.1) | 10 | (2.2) | 12 | (1.0) | 4 | (0.6) | |
| High school graduate | 155 | (6.7) | 69 | (15.4) | 47 | (4.0) | 39 | (5.5) | |
| Some college | 347 | (14.9) | 78 | (17.4) | 176 | (15.1) | 93 | (13.0) | |
| 2-y degree | 176 | (7.6) | 44 | (9.8) | 88 | (7.6) | 44 | (6.2) | |
| 4-y degree | 814 | (35.0) | 125 | (27.9) | 434 | (37.2) | 255 | (35.7) | |
| More than 4-y degree | 810 | (34.8) | 122 | (27.2) | 409 | (35.1) | 279 | (39.1) | |
| Marital statusf | .012 | ||||||||
| Married/partner | 1389 | (58.4) | 240 | (53.6) | 716 | (60.1) | 433 | (58.6) | |
| Divorced/widowed/separated | 225 | (9.5) | 57 | (12.7) | 113 | (9.5) | 55 | (7.4) | |
| Never married | 764 | (32.1) | 151 | (33.7) | 362 | (30.4) | 251 | (34.0) | |
| Family income, USDg | <.001 | ||||||||
| <10 000 | 130 | (5.5) | 34 | (7.6) | 58 | (4.9) | 38 | (5.1) | |
| 10 000–34 999 | 265 | (11.1) | 69 | (15.4) | 110 | (9.2) | 86 | (11.6) | |
| 35 000–49 999 | 222 | (9.3) | 55 | (12.3) | 104 | (8.7) | 63 | (8.5) | |
| 50 000–74 999 | 327 | (13.8) | 67 | (14.9) | 164 | (13.8) | 96 | (13.0) | |
| ≥75 000 | 1296 | (54.5) | 218 | (48.6) | 677 | (56.8) | 401 | (54.3) | |
| Prefer not to answer | 139 | (5.8) | 6 | (1.3) | 78 | (6.6) | 55 | (7.4) | |
| Health insuranceh | <.001 | ||||||||
| Private | 1761 | (73.3) | 300 | (64.8) | 893 | (74.5) | 568 | (76.7) | |
| Public | 450 | (18.7) | 110 | (23.8) | 215 | (18.0) | 125 | (16.9) | |
| Private and public | 88 | (3.7) | 16 | (3.5) | 50 | (4.2) | 22 | (3.0) | |
| Self-insured | 103 | (4.3) | 37 | (8.0) | 40 | (3.3) | 26 | (3.5) | |
| Employmenti | <.001 | ||||||||
| Employed, essential | 1000 | (42.1) | 198 | (44.1) | 463 | (38.9) | 339 | (45.9) | |
| Employed, nonessential | 970 | (40.8) | 160 | (35.6) | 542 | (45.6) | 268 | (36.3) | |
| Not employed | 408 | (17.2) | 91 | (20.3) | 185 | (15.6) | 132 | (17.9) | |
| Tobacco usej | .199 | ||||||||
| Daily | 184 | (6.1) | 25 | (5.6) | 74 | (6.2) | 36 | (4.9) | |
| Weekly | 62 | (2.0) | 15 | (3.3) | 24 | (2.0) | 9 | (1.2) | |
| Monthly | 44 | (1.5) | 9 | (2.0) | 14 | (1.2) | 13 | (1.8) | |
| Less than monthly | 139 | (4.6) | 17 | (3.8) | 59 | (5.0) | 39 | (5.3) | |
| Not at all | 2605 | (85.9) | 384 | (85.3) | 1019 | (85.6) | 642 | (86.9) | |
| COVID-19 testing sitek | <.001 | ||||||||
| At home | 188 | (7.9) | 4 | (0.9) | 51 | (4.3) | 133 | (18.0) | |
| Clinic including urgent care | 357 | (14.9) | 69 | (15.1) | 190 | (15.9) | 98 | (13.2) | |
| Emergency department | 96 | (4.0) | 36 | (7.9) | 41 | (3.4) | 19 | (2.6) | |
| Hospital | 215 | (9.0) | 83 | (18.2) | 77 | (6.4) | 55 | (7.4) | |
| Other | 167 | (7.0) | 30 | (6.6) | 72 | (6.0) | 65 | (8.8) | |
| Tent/drive-up testing site | 1370 | (57.3) | 234 | (51.3) | 765 | (64.0) | 371 | (50.1) | |
| Preexisting conditionsl | |||||||||
| Asthma | 285 | (12.3) | 53 | (13.7) | 146 | (13.0) | 86 | (12.5) | .800 |
| Hypertension | 323 | (13.9) | 75 | (19.4) | 166 | (14.7) | 82 | (12.0) | .003 |
| Diabetes | 118 | (5.1) | 27 | (7.0) | 52 | (4.6) | 39 | (5.7) | .212 |
| Obesity | 631 | (27.2) | 125 | (32.3) | 316 | (28.0) | 190 | (27.7) | .206 |
| Emphysema/COPD | 19 | (0.8) | 9 | (2.3) | 7 | (0.6) | 3 | (0.4) | .003 |
| Heart conditions | 57 | (2.5) | 21 | (5.4) | 24 | (2.1) | 12 | (1.8) | <.001 |
| Smoking | 101 | (4.4) | 25 | (6.5) | 53 | (4.7) | 23 | (3.4) | .055 |
| Kidney disease | 31 | (1.3) | 6 | (1.6) | 16 | (1.4) | 9 | (1.3) | .936 |
| Liver disease | 16 | (0.7) | 8 | (2.1) | 5 | (0.4) | 3 | (0.4) | .003 |
| Other condition | 348 | (15.0) | 60 | (15.5) | 180 | (16.0) | 108 | (15.7) | .913 |
| None | 428 | (18.4) | 56 | (14.5) | 228 | (20.2) | 144 | (21.0) | .025 |
| Don’t know | 515 | (22.2) | 88 | (22.7) | 256 | (22.7) | 164 | (23.9) | .883 |
| Prefer not to answer | 123 | (5.3) | 22 | (5.4) | 50 | (4.3) | 51 | (6.9) | .040 |
| Hospitalized for COVID-19m | <.001 | ||||||||
| Hospitalized | 129 | (5.6) | 55 | (13.5) | 56 | (4.8) | 18 | (2.5) | |
| Vaccination statusn,o | <.001 | ||||||||
| Vaccinated before index COVID test | 1357 | (67.9) | 80 | (18.4) | 797 | (74.1) | 480 | (98.4) | |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; USD, United States dollars.
Missing age information, n = 18.
Missing gender information, n = 69.
Missing ethnicity information, n = 48.
Missing race information, n = 61.
Missing education information, n = 74.
Missing marital status information, n = 24.
Missing family income information, n = 23.
Missing health insurance information, n = 0.
Missing employment information, n = 24.
Missing tobacco use information, n = 23.
Missing COVID-19 testing site information, n = 9.
Missing preexisting conditions information, n = 79.
Missing hospitalization for COVID-19 information, n = 79.
Missing vaccination status information, n = 404.
Vaccination status questions based on all available electronic health record and survey data; vaccine questions were added to the 3-month survey on 14 April 2021 with version change 11 March 2022 and were defined as at least 1 dose prior to the index severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test.