. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr. 2022 Jun 27;249:59–66.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.06.023

Table III.

Severity ORs for the odds of upper- to lower-level spina bifida lesions in the postfortification period compared with prefortification for selected characteristics

Characteristics	aOR (95% CI)^*	P value
Total cases	0.30 (0.26-0.35)
Maternal race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	0.24 (0.18-0.32)	Referent
Black, non-Hispanic	0.45 (0.31-0.65)	.0002
Hispanic	0.34 (0.25-0.47)	.04
Maternal age
<20 y	0.93 (0.62-1.40)	.00001
20-34 y	0.24 (0.19-0.30)	Referent
35+ y	0.40 (0.19-0.84)	.13
Infant sex
Female	0.33 (0.24-0.46)	Referent
Male	0.29 (0.20-0.41)	.63
Pregnancy outcome
Live birth (referent)	0.31 (0.25-0.37)	Referent
Nonlive birth	0.29 (0.21-0.40)	.78

P values are from the pairwise testing of aORs against each referent group for maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, infant sex, or pregnancy outcome.

Adjusted for state program.