Table 5.

The themes and codes of the interviews that managed according to Health Belief Model.

Themes	Sub-themes	Total number of codes
(Perceived Barriers)	What is the reason you refused to be vaccinated at first place?
Distrust	The commercial intentions of pharmaceutical companies	32
	The political preferences of the ministry of health	27
	Constantly updated and changing processes regarding preventive measures and treatment modalities	23
	Powerful institutions’ conflict of interests	23
	Tendency to believe in conspiracy theories	22
	Wait & see approach	18
	The discovery of COVID-19 vaccines in a short time	11
	Disbelief in COVID-19 or the pandemic	11
	Purposeful fear mongering	11
	Vaccination consent process	9
	Distrust towards health governing institutions	6
	Only emergency use approval of COVID-19 vaccines	5
	Distrust to the country that released the COVID-19 vaccine	2
Fear of uncertainty	Conflicting news about effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines	51
	Unforeseen side effects of COVID-19 vaccines	48
	Constantly updated and changing processes regarding preventive measures and treatment modalities	28
	Equal weight given to vaccinated and unvaccinated people when they get infected with COVID-19	16
	The uncertainty regarding the number of booster doses	10
	Pregnancy-related reasonsf	5
	The concerns regarding their personal immunity	3
Immune-confidence & Spirituality	Trust in their immune system to overcome the virus	15
	Belief in the ability to heal after COVID-19 disease	11
	Use of immune-supportive medications	5
	Belief in spiritual powers that provides protection against diseases	4
The media exposure	Confusion created by social media	17
	Confusion created by the mainstream media	7
Disturbing social pressure	By physicians or other co-workers	10
	By members of their family	8
	By their close friends	1
Obstinacy	Pure stubborn attitude towards the pressure to vaccinate	4