Table 2.

Studies using XR to plan catheter intervention and device implantation (excluding case series/reports with fewer than 5 patients)

First author	Year		Cohort	Lesion(s)	Pt no.	Control	XR type	Modality	Study description	Results
Dutcher et al.[27]	2020	Adult		LAAO	154	Y	MR	CT	Prospective control study Pre-op imaging review in MR (intervention) or 2D TOE (control) for patients undergoing LAAO.	Correct device selection first-time more frequent in MR group (86.7% vs. 75.6%; p = 0.041). Average procedure time reduced in MR group (33.6 min vs. 46.5 min; p < 0.001). Trend toward lower contrast dose in MR group (not statistically significant)
Sinha et al.[28]	2019	Adult		TAVI	38	N	MR	CT	Retrospective MR system used to calculate annulus diameter and compared to size of valve implanted.	No significant difference between calculated diameter and actual implant valve size (p = 0.41)
Sadeghi et al.[29]	2021	Adult		Paravalvar leak occlusion (AoV, MV)	6	N	VR	3DE, CT	Retrospective Comparison of VR review to 2D CT review (2DCT) and segmentation on 2D screen (3DCM) for sizing of paravalvar leak occluders	Similar measurements obtained from 3DCM models and VR. 2DCT measurements closest to actual device dimension
Tandon et al.[30]	2019	Adult		Superior SVASD	28	N	VR	CT, MRI	Retrospective case series VR for planning transcatheter stenting of SVASD.	6/28 unsuitable for transcatheter repair because of a large aPV 4/28 unsuitable for other reasons 7/28 equivocal as only small aPV would be blocked. Strong correlation between predicted stent size and SVC diameter but did not consistently predict stent size

3DE: 3D echocardiography, AoV: aortic valve, aPV: anomalous pulmonary vein, LAAO: left atrial appendage occlusion, MV: mitral valve, SVASD: sinus venosus ASD, TAVI: transcatheter aortic valve implantation, TOE: transoesophageal echocardiography