Table 1.

Biosynthesis of SCFAs by gut bacteria [5•, 6]

SCFA	Pathway	Bacteria
Acetate	From pyruvate via acetyl-CoA	Most of the enteric bacteria, e.g., Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., Ruminococcus spp.
	Wood-Ljungdahl pathway	Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium spp., Streptococcus spp.
	Succinate pathway	Bacteroides spp., Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Dialister spp., Veillonella spp.
Propionate	Acrylate pathway	Megasphaera elsdenii, Coprococcus catus
	Propanediol pathway	Salmonella spp., Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus obeum
	Phosphotransbutyrylase/butyrate kinase route	Firmicutes spp., Coprococcus comes, Coprococcus eutactus
Butyrate	From acetate via the butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase route	Anaerostipes spp., Coprococcus catus, Eubacterium rectale, Eubacterium hallii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia spp.
	From lactate via the butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase route	Anaerostipes spp., Eubacterium hallii, Faecalibacterium