Table 2.
Characteristics of the patients with S. aureus bacteremia during the two years of the COVID-19 pandemic.
| Characteristics | COVID-19 (N = 74) | Non-COVID-19 (N = 167) |
p-Value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nosocomial bacteremia (N = 74) | Community-acquired bacteremia (N = 55) | Nosocomial bacteremia (N = 112) | Total bacteremia (N = 167) | ||
| Demographic | |||||
| Sex (male) | 47 (63.5%) | 36 (65.4%) | 69 (61.6%) | 105 (62.9%) | 1 |
| Median age and IQR (years) | 65.5 (74–54) | 74 (84–54) | 73 (83–55) | 73 (83.5–55) | 0.0047 |
| Source of infection** | |||||
| Endovascular | 24 (32.4%) | 13 (23.6%) | 71 (63.4%) | 84 (50.3%) | 0.19 |
| Pulmonary | 43 (58.1%) | 7 (12.7%) | 15 (13.4%) | 22 (13.2%) | <0.001 |
| Urinary | 0 | 4 (7.3%) | 2 (1.8%) | 6 (3.6%) | 1 |
| Osteoarticular | 0 | 11 (20%) | 3 (2.7%) | 14 (8.4%) | 0.144 |
| Skin and soft tissue | 2 (2.7%) | 14 (25.4%) | 12 (10.7%) | 26 (15.6%) | 0.074 |
| Intra-abdominal | 0 | 0 | 4 (3.6%) | 4 (2.4%) | 1 |
| Unknown | 5 (6.7%) | 6 (10.9%) | 5 (4.5%) | 11 (6.6%) | 1 |
| Methicillin-resistant s. aureus (MRSA) | |||||
| Methicillin resistance | 24 (32.4%) | 2 (3.6%) | 21 (18.7%) | 23 (13.8%) | 0.001 |
| S. aureus isolates in other clinical samples** | |||||
| Catheter | 3 (4.1%) | 10 (18.2%) | 15 (13.4%) | 25 (14.9%) | 0.067 |
| Sputum, BAS, BAL, pleural fluid | 36 (48.6%) | 2 (3.6%) | 6 (5.3%) | 8 (4.8%) | <0.001 |
| Urine | 0 | 2 (3.6%) | 5 (4.5%) | 7 (4.2%) | 0.747 |
| Articular fluid, biopsy, bone | 0 | 6 (10.9%) | 2 (1.8%) | 8 (4.8%) | 0.536 |
| Skin, wound, abscess | 1 (1.3%) | 7 (12.7%) | 6 (5.3%) | 13 (7.8%) | 0.388 |
| Peritoneal fluid | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (0.9%) | 1 |
BAS: bronchial aspirate; BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage; IQR: interquartile range.
Qualitative variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies and were compared using Pearson's chi-squared test with Yates's continuity correction. Post hoc analyses were performed using Pearson's residuals with Bonferroni correction.
Quantitative variables were expressed as median (interquartile range, IQR) and were compared by Mann–Whitney U test.
p-Value referred S. aureus bacteremia comparing total of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients.
p-Values were calculated with chi-squared post hoc analysis based on residuals with Bonferroni correction.
p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.