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. 2023 Mar 13;25(2):179–198. doi: 10.5853/jos.2022.02936

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Copyright © 2023 Korean Stroke Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Schematic representation of the collateral circulation of the brain. The anterior circulation is represented in dark red, the posterior circulation in light red, and the extracranial sources of blood flow in orange. (A) Antero-posterior and (B) lateral view of the main intracranial arteries. The persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses are represented with a dashed dark red line. (C) Inferior view of the circle of Willis and a corresponding diagram showing each arterial component. (D) Lateral view of cranio-cervical arteries highlighting the main extra-intracranial anastomoses. Microvascular anastomoses between (1) the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and the middle cerebral artery (MCA), (2) the ACA and the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), (3) the MCA and the PCA, and (4) the superior cerebellar artery and the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. (5) The postulated collateral pathways in the deep subcortical territory. Extra-intracranial anastomoses between (6) branches of the facial artery and the ophthalmic artery, (7) the supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries and branches of the ophthalmic artery, (8) branches of the occipital artery and the PCA, (9) the middle meningeal artery and the ACA, and (10) branches from ascending and deep cervical arteries and the vertebral artery. AcommA, anterior communicating artery; R A1, A1 segment of the right ACA; L A1, A1 segment of the left ACA; R ICA, right internal carotid artery; L ICA, left internal carotid artery; R PcommA, right posterior communicating artery; L PcommA, left posterior communicating artery; R P1, P1 segment of the right PCA; L P1, P1 segment of the left PCA; BA, basilar artery.