Table 2. Baseline characteristics of the patients.
| Variables | Total patients (n=151) | Early RRT (n=77) | Delayed RRT (n=74) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68 [57–77] | 65 [56–77] | 69 [60–77] | 0.343 |
| Female gender | 48 [32] | 26 [34] | 22 [30] | 0.594 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.26 [22.27–27.36] | 25.00 [22.21–27.35] | 25.54 [24.49–27.76] | 0.772 |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Hypertension | 88 [58] | 43 [56] | 45 [61] | 0.536 |
| Diabetes | 45 [30] | 24 [31] | 21 [28] | 0.708 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 53 [35] | 26 [34] | 27 [36] | 0.726 |
| Malignant tumor | 34 [23] | 16 [21] | 18 [24] | 0.602 |
| COPD | 8 [5] | 2 [3] | 6 [8] | 0.131 |
| CKD | 10 [7] | 4 [5] | 6 [8] | 0.472 |
| Nephrotoxic drugs and/or contrast used within 1 week | 55 [36] | 28 [36] | 27 [36] | 0.590 |
| Reason for heart failure | ||||
| Takotsubo cardiomyopathy | 12 [8] | 5 [6] | 7 [9] | 0.501 |
| Cardiovascular surgery | 40 [26] | 22 [29] | 18 [24] | 0.554 |
| Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy | 12 [8] | 4 [5] | 8 [11] | 0.202 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 42 [28] | 23 [30] | 19 [26] | 0.565 |
| Postresuscitation syndrome | 24 [16] | 12 [16] | 12 [16] | 0.915 |
| Chronic heart failure | 17 [11] | 9 [12] | 8 [11] | 0.865 |
| Others | 4 [3] | 2 [3] | 2 [3] | 0.968 |
| APACHE-II score | 22.47±7.80 | 20.83±7.01 | 24.18±8.25 | <0.01 |
| SOFA score | 10.39±3.73 | 9.55±3.37 | 11.27±3.90 | <0.01 |
| MV | 130 [86] | 66 [86] | 64 [86] | 0.891 |
| Vasopressor/inotrope | 102 [68] | 50 [65] | 52 [70] | 0.484 |
| Baseline Scr (μmol/L) | 78.00 [65.9–92.2] | 78.00 [61.08–91.65] | 75.35 [68.50–92.20] | 0.545 |
| Scr on ICU admission (μmol/L) | 158.60 [119.08–254] | 142.60 [114–220.58] | 219.00 [139.5–315] | <0.01 |
| BUN on ICU admission (mmol/L) | 13.80 [9.1–20.99] | 12.20 [8.91–18.03] | 16.10 [9.50–23.70] | 0.028 |
| cTnI (μg/L) | 1.58 [0.24–12.13] | 1.56 [0.32–13.03] | 1.59 [0.16–7.72] | 0.582 |
| Myo (μg/L) | 1,081.75 [332–2,000] | 995.00 [327.88–1,654.55] | 1,148.60 [326.35–2,600.03] | 0.442 |
| ECMO | 14 [9] | 8 [10] | 6 [8] | 0.629 |
| IABP | 30 [20] | 17 [22] | 13 [18] | 0.487 |
| Median follow-up time (days) | 14.70 [2.82–90] | 10.63 [2.28–88] | 16.70 [4.10–90] | 0.194 |
Data are presented as median [interquartile ranges], n [%], or mean ± SD. RRT, renal replacement therapy; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; CKD, chronic kidney disease; APACHE-II, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation-II; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; MV, mechanical ventilation; Scr, serum creatinine; ICU, intensive care unit; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; Myo, myohemoglobin; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump.