Fig. 5. Physical and mechanical properties of the developed optimum nanoforms and hydrogel constituents of the vertebral and IVD scaffolds, (a) particle size, (b) surface charge, (c) entrapment efficiency %, and (d) loading capacity % of LEV/RIF-loaded MPS-NPs and SIM-loaded mixed nanomicelles, and (e) nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm graph of LEV/RIF-loaded MPS-NPs, and (f) the mechanical elasticity of the developed gelatin hydrogels.