Table 2.

The first-line anti-tubercular medications' dose, pharmacological activities, and side effects[85]

Anti-tuberculosis drugs	Dose (mg/kg)	Pharmacological activities	Side effects
Isoniazid	5	-Inhibits the enoyl-ACP reductase InhA of the fatty acid synthase type II (FASII) pathway	-Peripheral neuropathy, lethargy, hepatitis, insanity, convulsions, and a lupus-like condition
Rifampicin	10	-Inhibits messenger RNA elongation by binding to the β-subunit of the RNA polymerase	-Hemolytic anemia, gastrointestinal distress, purpura, and orange-red urine stains
Ethambutol	15	-Inhibits enzyme arabinosyltransferases, glycerol metabolism, and RNA synthesis	-Abdominal discomfort, eosinophilia, peripheral neuritis, myocarditis, and hypersensitivity
Pyrazinamide	25	-Disrupts membrane energetics and inhibits membrane transport function	-Hepatotoxicity, pruritis, hyperuricemic arthralgia, and exanthema
Streptomycin	15	-Binds to the small 16S rRNA of the 30S ribosomal subunit irreversibly, interfering with the binding of formyl-methionyl-tRNA to the 30S subunit	-Ototoxicity, rashes, fever, nephrotoxicity, eosinophilia, and vestibulotoxicity