Table 3.
Algal-mediated synthesis of ZnONPs
| Algal strains | Size (nm) |
Morphology | Applications | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyanobacteria or blue green algae | Nostoc sp. EA03 (Cyanobacteriaceae) | 50–80 | Star | Enhanced antibacterial, antibiofilm and anticancer | [88] |
| Desertifilum sp. EAZ03 | 80–88 | Rod | Antibacterial, antibiofilm and anticancer | [89] | |
| Anabaena strain L31 (Cyanobacteriaceae) | 20–80 | Spherical | Nontoxic sunscreen formulations | [1] | |
| Arthrospira platensis (Cyanophyceae) | 30–55 | Spherical | Antibacterial and anticancer | [90] | |
| Green algae (Chlorophyta) | Chlorella (Chlorellaceae) | 20 ± 2.2 | Hexagonal wurtzite | Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organosulfur pollutants | [91] |
| Ulva lactuca (Ulvaceae) | 10–50 | Hexagonal, rod and triangle |
Enhanced photocatalytic, antibiofilm and insecticidal activity |
[92] | |
| Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonadaceae) | 55–80 | Nanorod, nanoflower, porous nanosheet | Enhanced photocatalytic dye degradation | [93] | |
| Ulva lactuca (Ulvaceae) | ~ 12 | Nanocubes | Promising catalyst for production of biodiesel | [94] | |
| Brown algae (Pheophyceae) | Padina tetrastromatica (Dictyotaceae) | 16–30 | Hexagonal wurtzite, rod, plate, star | Enhanced photocatalytic and high antibacterial activity | [95] |
| Sargassum muticum (Sargassaceae) | 42 | Hexagonal wurtzite | None | [32] | |
| Alginate | 20–40 | Cubical or rod | Sensor—with high sensitivity and antibacterial activity | [96] | |
| Sargassum muticum (Sargassaceae) | 30–57 | Hexagonal | Antiangiogenic and antiapoptotic activity | [97] | |
| Sargassum wightii (Sargassaceae) | 40–50 | Spherical | Enhanced biofilm and immunosuppressant activity | [92] | |
| Sargassum wightii (Sargassaceae) | 20–62 | Spherical | Enhanced larvicidal and pupicidal toxicity on A. stephensi and H. armigera | [98] | |
| Sargassum myriocystum (Sargassaceae) | 36 | Spherical, radial, triangle, hexagonal, rod | Enhanced antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria | [99] | |
| Padina tetrastromatica (Dictyotaceae) | 24–28 | Varied | Enhanced antibacterial and UV protection activity | [100] | |
| Red algae (Rhodophyta) | Gracilariaedulis (Gracilariaceae) | 66–95 | Rod-shaped | Effective anti-cancer activity against PC3cell lines | [101] |