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. 2023 Jun 9;40(7):200. doi: 10.1007/s12032-023-02060-3

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Fig. 1 — Established constructs to enhance immunogenicity of DNA-based cancer vaccines. There have been established four types of DNA constructs to increase the immunogenic potential of DNA-based cancer vaccines. These include a Chimeric DNA vaccines utilizing the xeno-antigens b MUC-1 based DNA vaccines consisting of the mucin peptides c Personalized DNA vaccines that encode neoantigens specific to each patient d Polyepitope DNA vaccines that embody the sequences of multiple neoantigens or epitopes