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. 2023 May 24;15(11):2898. doi: 10.3390/cancers15112898

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Analysis of oral microbiota diversity, SCFAs, FFAR2, and cytokine levels in the control and cancer groups. Alpha diversity was estimated via the phylogenetic diversity whole tree (OTUs, p < 0.001) and by observing operational taxonomic units (p < 0.001) (a); Beta diversity was calculated using principal coordinate analyses based on weighted (p < 0.001) and unweighted (p < 0.001) UniFrac distances in oral microbiota communities (b); Venn diagrams showing overlaps between groups at the genus level (c); Oral saliva total short-chain fatty acid concentrations (d); Free fatty acid receptor 2 concentrations in oral saliva (e); Concentrations of human plasma TNF-α induced protein 8 (f); Human plasma interleukin-6 levels (g); Human plasma signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 levels (h).