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. 2023 May 30;15(11):2989. doi: 10.3390/cancers15112989

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Cancer immunotherapy in humanized PDX mouse models. Efficient and functional development of human immune cell lineages depends on the humanized mouse model. This also influences the composition of the TIME and the suitability of investigating different types of immunotherapies [14,18,83]. Abbreviations: ADCC, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; ADCP, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; HIS, human immune system; KIT (also known as c-kit, CD117 or stem cell factor receptor); NK, natural killer; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; TAM, tumor-associated macrophage; TIME, tumor immune microenvironment; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.