Table 2.
Medically exposed children (m = months; y = years).
| Reference | Study Population | Sample Size | Type of Exposure | Age at Exposure | Brain Dose | Outcome | Age at Outcome Measurement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albert, Omran et al., 1966 [18] |
tinea capitis (New York) |
1908 | X-ray RT | mean: 8 years | mean: 1.3 Gy | mental disorders, psychosis | 21 years |
| Ron, Modan et al., 1982 [19] |
tinea capitis (Israel) |
10,842 | X-ray RT | range: 1–15 years mean: 7 years |
range: 0.7–1.6 Gy mean: 1.5Gy | IQ decline, lower school performance | 24 years |
| Hall, Adami et al., 2004 [20] |
haemangioma (Sweden) | 2816 | X-ray RT | range: 0–18 months mean: 7 months |
range: 0–2.8 Gy mean: 0.02 Gy |
neurocognitive dysfunction ≥0.25 Gy | 18 years |
| Blomstrand, Holmberg et al., 2014 [21] | haemangioma (Sweden) | 3030 | RT (different IR qualities) |
range: 0–18 months median: 5 months |
range: 0–1.1 Gy median: 0.02Gy |
hippocampus ≥0.2Gy → lower verbal skills | 18 years |
| Nordenskjöld, Palme et al., 2015 [22] | maternal X-ray pelvimetry (Sweden) | 1612 | diagnostic X-ray |
in-utero | estimated fetal dose: 0.0015 Gy | no effect on school performance | 15 years |
| Salonen, Nyman et al., 2018 [23] |
CT scan (Sweden) | 147 | diagnostic head CT |
range: 6–16 years mean: 11 years | estimated dose 0.03–0.05 Gy | no cognitive dysfunction | 18 years |