Table 4.

Prophylactic whole-brain radiotherapy.

Reference	Study Population	Sample Size	Type of Exposure	Age at Exposure	Brain Dose	Outcome	Age at Outcome Measurement
Meadows, Gordon et al., 1981 [36]	children with ALL (USA)	41	WBRT	2–15 years	24 Gy, fractionated	IQ decline; younger children more affected	1–3 years after RT
Twaddle, Britton et al., 1983 [55]	children with ALL (England)	23	WBRT	1–8 years	24 Gy, fractionated	IQ decline; younger children more affected	1–3 years after RT
Ladavas, Missiroli et al., 1985 [51]	children with ALL (Italy)	21	WBRT	2–9 years	24 Gy, fractionated	IQ decline; younger children (<5 years) more affected	1–3 years after RT
Said, Waters et al., 1989 [54]	children with ALL (Australia)	106	WBRT	1–8 years	18–24 Gy, fractionated	IQ decline; younger children more affected	1–13 years after RT
Chessells, Cox et al., 1990 [49]	children with ALL (England)	136	WBRT	1–12 years	18–24 Gy, fractionated	IQ decline, younger children (≤2 years) more affected	1–5 years after RT
MacLean, Noll et al., 1995 [52]	children with ALL (USA)	74	WBRT	3–7 years	18 Gy, fractionated	neuropsychological deficits	1 years after RT
Iuvone, Mariotti et al., 2002 [50]	children with ALL (Italy)	21	WBRT	1–12 years	18–24 Gy, fractionated	no age-dependent effect	4–12 years after RT
Reinhardt, Thiele et al., 2002 [53]	children with AML (Germany)	38	WBRT	0–18 years	12–18 Gy, fractionated	learning deficits, younger children more affected	4–11 years after RT