Table 3.
Volatile compound content (*) detected for coconut oil: unheated (T0), after 10 and 20 days of treatment at 65 °C (T1 and T2, respectively) and after 90 min at 180 °C (T3).
| Volatile | KI | T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrocarbons | |||||
| 2-E-Octene | 809 | ND | 6691 ± 4688 | ND | ND |
| 2-Z-Octene | 816 | ND | 4685 ± 3378 | ND | ND |
| Total hydrocarbons (Σ) | ND | 11,376 ± 8066 | ND | ND | |
| Aldehydes | |||||
| (E)-2-Pentenal | 748 | ND | 3983 ± 2086 b | ND | 1850 ± 530 a |
| Hexanal | 803 | 2200 ± 749 a | 15,749 ± 2794 b | 21,685 ± 1020 c | 94,823 ± 7218 d |
| (E)-2-Hexenal | 851 | ND | 1797 ± 803 a | ND | 14,301 ± 901 b |
| Heptanal | 901 | ND | 1800 ± 387 a | 2726 ± 894 a | 28,217 ± 3317 b |
| (E)-2-Heptenal | 954 | ND | 5055 ± 3036 a | 8054 ± 934 a | 150,112 ± 5215 b |
| (E,E)-2,4-Heptadienal | 995 | ND | ND | ND | 18,217 ± 1604 |
| Octanal | 1002 | ND | 5462 ± 3111 a | 5527 ± 2027 a | 207,762 ± 23,477 b |
| 2,4-Heptadienal | 1009 | ND | 2225 ± 267 a | 2796 ± 278 a | 4968 ± 1704 b |
| Nonanal | 1103 | ND | 1122 ± 395 a | 1176 ± 424 a | 106,442 ± 15,688 b |
| Total aldehydes (Σ) | 2200 ± 749 a | 37,196 ± 12,884 a | 41,965 ± 5580 a | 626,692 ± 59,654 b | |
| Ketones | |||||
| 2-Hexanone | 792 | ND | ND | ND | 13,732 ± 1592 |
| 2-Heptanone | 890 | ND | 1833 ± 627 a | 2108 ± 146 a | 30,275 ± 3422 b |
| 4-Octanone | 972 | ND | ND | ND | 1957 ± 443 |
| 1-Octen-3-one | 977 | ND | ND | ND | 2063 ± 391 |
| 3-Octanone | 986 | ND | ND | ND | 3547 ± 851 |
| 3-Octen-2-one | 1038 | ND | 468 ± 205 | ND | ND |
| 2-Nonanone | 1090 | ND | ND | ND | 30,845 ± 9023 |
| 3,5-Octadien-2-one | 1092 | ND | 1322 ± 214 | ND | ND |
| Total ketones (Σ) | ND | 3623 ± 1046 a | 2108 ± 146 a | 82,419 ± 15,722 b | |
| Acids | |||||
| Butanoic | 793 | ND | ND | ND | 11,464 ± 1457 |
| Pentanoic | 904 | ND | ND | ND | 11,422 ± 2097 |
| Hexanoic | 992 | 2987 ± 1083 a | 8430 ± 1157 b | 9074 ± 948 b | 16,186 ± 2787 c |
| Heptanoic | 1082 | ND | ND | ND | 5977 ± 2253 |
| Octanoic | 1176 | ND | 11,783 ± 3971 a | 9746 ± 2340 a | 37,241 ± 12,031 b |
| Nonanoic | 1276 | ND | ND | ND | 8294 ± 5203 |
| Total acids (Σ) | 2987 ± 1083 a | 18,053 ± 6590 b | 18,820 ± 3289 b | 90,584 ± 25,828 c | |
| Alcohols | |||||
| 1-Pentanol | 762 | ND | 2255 ± 607 a | 2527 ± 199 a | 23,617 ± 2435 b |
| 1-Hexanol | 870 | ND | 1748 ± 2052 ab | 454 ± 88 a | 2870 ± 702 b |
| 1-Heptanol | 970 | ND | 914 ± 633 a | ND | 8945 ± 2214 b |
| 1-octen-3-ol | 979 | ND | 1112 ± 404 a | ND | 16,833 ± 857 b |
| 1-Octanol | 1072 | ND | ND | ND | 14,544 ± 5097 |
| Total alcohols (Σ) | ND | 6029 ± 2217 a | 2981 ± 266 a | 66,809 ± 10,615 b | |
| Other | |||||
| 1,2,3-Propanotriol, triacetate | 1362 | 15,242 ± 8033 a | 17,477 ± 4521 a | 7572 ± 3551 a | 62,884 ± 32,025 b |
| Furans | |||||
| Furan-2-Pentyl | 991 | ND | 13,307 ± 8451 a | 7694 ± 2791 a | 103,251 ± 6151 b |
| Total furans (Σ) | ND | 13,307 ± 8451 a | 7694 ± 2791 a | 103,251 ± 6151 b | |
| Terpenes | |||||
| Alpha-pinene | 929 | 2953 ± 228 ab | 3883 ± 1772 b | 2083 ± 696 a | ND |
| Delta-3-carene | 1006 | ND | 6640 ± 1319 b | 5411 ± 413 a | ND |
| Limonene | 1025 | 5889 ± 1338 b | 6032 ± 1385 b | 5249 ± 1006 b | 2857 ± 592 a |
| Total terpenes (Σ) | 8842 ± 1566 | 16,555 ± 4476 | 12,743 ± 2115 | 2857 ± 592 | |
| Total Σ | 29,271 ± 11,431 a | 123,616 ± 40,215 b | 93,833 ± 16,285 b | 1,035,496 ± 151,277 c |
(*) Volatile compounds are expressed per area/sample weight (g) × 103. Values of means ± standard deviations. Values with different letters within rows are statistically different p < 0.05 according to the Bonferroni post hoc test. KI: Kovats index. ND:not detected.