Table 2.
Biogenic amine concentrations (mg/kg) in non-fermented and fermented chia seeds.
| Biogenic Amine | Samples | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| C-CS | SMF-CS | SSF-CS | |
| Tryptamine | 106.8 ± 6.41 a | 107.6 ± 8.23 a | 101.8 ± 6.54 a |
| Phenylethylamine | 35.4 ± 3.12 | nd | nd |
| Putrescine | nd | nd | nd |
| Cadaverine | nd | nd | nd |
| Histamine | nd | nd | nd |
| Tyramine | nd | nd | nd |
| Spermidine | 124.3 ± 8.25 b | 125.5 ± 9.32 b | 96.8 ± 8.45 a |
| Spermine | 31.02 ± 2.71 | nd | nd |
CS—chia seeds; C—control, non-fermented chia seeds; SMF—submerged-fermented; SSF—solid-state-fermented; nd—not detected. The data is expressed as mean values (n = 3) ± SE; SE—standard error; a,b Mean values between samples within the columns with different letters are significantly different (p ≤ 0.05).