Table 6.
Mean Flexion Angles as measured by Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and a Camera Method.
| Brace | No-Brace | Between-Condition Cohen’s d | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st minute | 15th minute | 30th minute | 1st minute | 15th minute | 30th minute | ||||||||
| Mean ± SE | 95% CI | Mean ± SE | 95% CI | Mean ± SE | 95% CI | Mean ± SE | 95% CI | Mean ± SE | 95% CI | Mean ± SE | 95% CI | ||
| IMU Measurements | |||||||||||||
| Cervical spine | 8.7 ± 1.6 | 5.5, 12.0 | 8.7 ± 1.6 | 5.4, 12.0 | 7.5 ± 1.6 | 4.2, 10.9 | 8.6 ± 1.4 * | 5.8, 11.4 | 6.2 ± 1.6 * | 3.0, 9.5 | 7.3 ± 1.4 | 4.4, 10.2 | 0.12 |
| Thoracic spine | 2.5 ± 1.2 | −0.3, 5.0 | 4.5 ± 1.4 | 1.7, 7.4 | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 5.2, 7.3 | 4.2 ± 0.7 | 2.7, 5.7 | 7.0 ± 0.9 | 5.1, 8.9 | 6.5 ± 0.9 | 4.6, 8.3 | 0.02 |
| Lumbar spine | 2.4 ± 7.5 | −6.3, 24.4 | 0.1 ± 1.5 | −2.2, 3.9 | 6.5 ± 1.0 | −1.6, 2.3 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | -4.3, 3.7 | 2.5 ± 1.6 | −7.2, 5.8 | 1.8 ± 1.7 | −1.6, 5.2 | 0.05 |
| Digital Photograph Measurements | |||||||||||||
| Forward head angle | 51.0 ± 1.2 | 48.6, 53.5 | 52.7 ± 1.3 | 50.2, 55.3 | 52.8 ± 1.5 | 49.8, 55.9 | 50.6 ± 1.1 | 48.3, 52.9 | 51.3 ± 1.1 | 49.0, 53.5 | 52.6 ± 1.3 | 50.0, 55.3 | 0.03 |
| Forward shoulder angle | 45.5 ± 3.3 | 38.7, 52.4 | 46.0 ±3.6 | 38.8, 53.2 | 45.4 ± 3.6 | 38.1, 52.8 | 52.0 ± 2.7 | 46.6, 57.4 | 52.3 ± 2.7 | 47.2, 58.3 | 51.6 ± 2.8 | 45.9, 57.4 | 0.12 |
* Significant within-group difference between two timepoints (p < 0.05); CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error. However, the largest between-condition difference was only 2°.