Table 2.
Newcastle-Ottawa scale for quality appraisal of non-randomized observational studies.
| First Author; Year | Representativeness of the Exposed Cohort | Selection of the Non-Exposed Cohort | Ascertainment of Exposure | Demonstration That Outcome of Interest Was Not Present at Study Entry | Comparability of Cohorts on the Basis of the Design or Analysis | Assessment of Outcome | Was Follow-Up Long Enough for Outcomes to Occur | Adequacy of Follow-Up of Cohorts | Total Quality Score | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acosta-Ampudia; 2022 [25] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | fair |
| Akova; 2022 [26] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | fair |
| Al-Aly; 2021 [27] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | good |
| Aly; 2021 [28] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | fair |
| Bakılan; 2021 [31] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | poor |
| Bileviciute-Ljungar; 2022 [32] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | fair |
| Buonsenso; 2022 [33] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | fair |
| Carfì; 2020 [34] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | good |
| Carvalho-Schneider; 2021 [35] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | good |
| Chudzik; 2022 [36] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | fair |
| Chudzik; 2022 [37] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | fair |
| Cui; 2022 [38] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | fair |
| Galal; 2021 [39] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | poor |
| Gamal; 2022 [40] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | fair |
| Ghosn; 2021 [41] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | good |
| Gulzar; 2022 [42] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | poor |
| Heesakkers; 2022 [43] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | good |
| Huang C.; 2021 [44] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | good |
| Huang, L.; 2021 [45] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | good |
| Irisson-Mora; 2022 [46] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | fair |
| Karaarslan; 2021 [47] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | fair |
| Karaarslan; 2022 [48] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | fair |
| Kenny; 2022 [49] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | fair |
| Kiatkittikul; 2022 [50] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | fair |
| Kim; 2022 [51] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 | good |
| Lingel; 2021 [52] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | good |
| Lombardo; 2021 [53] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | good |
| Maestre-Muniz; 2021 [54] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | good |
| Martone; 2022 [55] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 | good |
| Muñoz-Corona; 2022 [57] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | fair |
| Petersen; 2021 [58] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | fair |
| Sarda; 2022 [59] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | fair |
| Schultheiss; 2022 [60] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 | good |
| Taha; 2021 [61] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | fair |
| Tiwari; 2021 [62] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | poor |
| Tleyjeh; 2022 [63] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | good |
| Tosato; 2021 [64] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | good |
| Tuzun; 2022 [65] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | fair |
| Uniyal; 2022 [66] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | poor |
| Ursini; 2021 [68] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | good |
| Vaira; 2022 [69] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | fair |
| Wang; 2021 [71] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | fair |
| Whittaker; 2021 [72] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | good |
| Wong-Chew; 2022 [73] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | fair |
| Yaksi; 2022 [75] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | fair |
| Zayet; 2021 [76] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | good |
| Zuschlag; 2022 [77] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | fair |