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. 2023 May 23;24(11):9151. doi: 10.3390/ijms24119151

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Overview of FUNDC1 structure. FUNDC1 is localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and mitochondrial-ER associated membranes (MAMs); FUNDC1 contains three transmembrane domains and its N-terminal is exposed to the cytoplasm, containing an LIR motif that facilitates LC3 interaction; In normoxia, CK2 and Src kinase would phosphorylate S13 and Y18 residue to reduce the interaction between FUNDC1 and LC3, whereas in hypoxia, PGAM5 dephosphorylates S13 residue and ULK phosphorylates S17 residue to increase the interaction between FUNDC1 and LC3; there is a mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 binding site in the K70 residue; NRF1 transcriptionally regulates Fundc1 expression.