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. 2023 May 23;24(11):9163. doi: 10.3390/ijms24119163

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Celecoxib theranostic nanoemulsion (10X CXB-NE) reduces the infiltration of CD68 positive macrophages in the injured sciatic nerve equally for both sexes. (a) The non-surgical naïve female sciatic nerve exhibits few if any CD68 positive macrophages. (b) The non-surgical naïve male sciatic nerve typically exhibits few CD68 positive macrophages. (c) The female experiencing CCI exhibits a significant number of infiltrating CD68 positive macrophages in the injured nerve. (d) The CCI male exhibits a significant number of infiltrating CD68 positive macrophages in the injured nerve. (e) The female CCI sciatic nerve treated with drug-free nanoemulsion (DF-NE) exhibits a significant number of CD68 cells within the fasciculated nerve. (f) The male CCI sciatic nerve similarly treated with DF-NE exhibits numerous CD68 positive cells within the fasciculated nerve. (g) The female CCI sciatic nerve treated with 10X CXB-NE exhibits a significant reduction in the number of CD68 cells as compared to its CCI and DF-NE counterparts. (h) The male CCI sciatic nerve treated with 10X CXB-NE exhibits a reduced number of CD68 positive cells within the nerve as compared with its CCI and DF-NE counterparts. (i) For each animal, the number of CD68 positive cells were counted in 8 regions of interest (ROI) of equal size (140 µm × 140 µm). The average number of cells per ROI for each animal is plotted as a dot. (Naive: Male n = 2, Female n = 3. CCI: Male n = 3, Female n = 3. DFNE: Male n = 3, Female n = 4. CXBNE: Male n = 4, Female n = 5). In order to assess treatment effect per sex, a one-way ANOVA was performed with a Tukey’s post-hoc analysis. Data is displayed as averages ±SEM. * ≤0.05. Bar = 100 µm.