Figure 10.

ATF3 protein expression (red) changes in a sex specific manner in the ipsilateral DRG during hypersensitivity (CCI and CCI DF-NE) and with relief (CCI 10X CXB-NE). Tissue retrieved on day 12. Nuclei stained with DAPI (blue). Double stained merge images include DIC transmitted light. (a) and (b) Non-surgical naïve female and male DRG tissue with low level dispersed ATF3 located throughout the cytosol. (c) and (d) ATF3 increased expression and condensation in the nucleus following CCI neuroinflammatory hypersensitivity in both female and male ipsilateral DRG. (e) and (f) CCI treated with DF-NE continue to express high levels of ATF-3 in both cytoplasm and condensation in nuclei for both females and males. (g) Disappearance of nuclear condensation of ATF3 following pain-relieving theranostic nanoemulsion with 10X CXB-NE treatment in females. (h) Decreased nuclear condensation of ATF3 following 10X CXB-NE treatment in males. (i) Cytoplasmic ATF3 localization. (j) Perinuclear accumulation of ATF3. (k) Condensation of ATF3 in the nucleus. (l) Positive ATF3 (red) in macrophages of the sciatic nerve with (blue) DAPI nuclei. (m) The same field of view as (l), revealing positive staining of macrophages with the anti-CD68 (green). (n) Co-localization of ATF3 staining within CD68 positive macrophages within the sciatic nerve.