Table 1.
Detailed roles of distinct microRNAs (miRNAs) in the differentiation process of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
| miRNA | Tissue Origin | Target (Gene/Pathway) | Target Regulation | miRNA Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-424 | WJMSCs | BMP2 | Up | Osteogenic | [26] |
| miR-140-5p | UCMSCs, ATMSCs, BMMSCs | BMP2 | Down | Anti-Osteogenic | [27] |
| miR-342-3p | UCMSCs | Sufu/Shh | Down/Up | Osteogenic | [28] |
| miR-196a-5p | WJMSCs | SERPINB2 | Down | Osteogenic | [29] |
| miR-21 | UCMSCs | KLF12/Wnt/β-catenin | Down/Up | Osteogenic | [30] |
| miR-21 | UCMSCs | PI3K/β-catenin | Up | Osteogenic | [31] |
| miR-2110 | UCMSCs (Exosomes) | (TNF) | (Up) | Osteogenic | [32] |
| miR-328-3p | UCMSCs (Exosomes) | CHRD | Down | Osteogenic | [32] |
| miR-25-3p | UCMSCs | SMAD5/(Dlx5/OSX) | Down/(Down) | Anti-Osteogenic | [33] |
| miR-33b-5p | UCMSCs | Wnt10b/(Dlx5/OSX) | Down/(Down) | Anti-Osteogenic | [33] |
| miR-132 | UCMSCs | Osterix/Wnt/β-catenin | Down/Down | Anti-Osteogenic | [34] |
| miR-216a | UCMSCs, ATMSCs | c-Cbl/PI3K/AKT | Down/Up | Osteogenic | [35] |
| miR-122-5p | UCMSCs | SOX11, VIM, (CUTL1, CAT1) | Down | Hepatogenic | [36] |
| miR-106a, miR-574-3p, miR-451 | UCMSCs | Sox17, FoxA2, AFP | Up | Hepatogenic | [37] |
| miR-20b, miR-106a | WJMSCs | Ngn2, MAP2, TUBB3 | Down | Anti-Neurogenic | [38] |
| miR-203 | UCBMSCs | DKK1, CRX, NRL | Down | Anti-Neurogenic | [39] |
| miR-29b-3p | UCMSCs | SOX9 | Down | Anti-Chondrogenic | [40] |
| miR-381 | UCMSCs (sEVs) | SOX9/TAOK1 | Up/Down | Chondrogenic | [41] |
| miR-410 | UCBMSCs | MITF, LRAT, RPE65, Bestrophin, EMMPRIN | Down | Anti-Epithelial | [42] |
| miR-145 | UCMSCs | TGFβRII | Down | Epithelial | [43] |
| miR-200b-3p | UCMSCs | ZEB2 | Down | IPCs Differentiation | [44] |
| miR-375, miR-26a | N-UCMSCs (chicken) | MTPN, SOX6, BHLHE22, CCND1 | Down | IPCs Differentiation | [45] |
| miR-218 | UCMSCs | MITF, (HoxB4, NF-Ya) | Down, (Up) | Hematopoietic | [46] |
| miR-301b/miR-130b | UCMSCs, ATMSCs, BMMSCs | PPARγ | Down | Anti-Adipogenic | [47] |
| miR-21, miR-23a, miR-125b, miR-145 | UCMSCs (Exosomes) | TGF-β2, TGF-βR2, SMAD2 | Down | Anti-Myofibroblastic | [48] |
| miR-503-5p | UCMSCs | SMAD7 | Down | Myogenetic | [49] |
| miR-222-5p | UCMSCs | ROCK2, αSMA | Down | Anti-Myogenetic | [49] |
WJMSCs: Wharton’s Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, UCMSCs: Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, UCBMSCs: Umbilical Cord Blood-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, ATMSCs: Adipose Tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, BMMSCs: Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, N-UCMSCs: Nestin-positive Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, sEVs: Small Extracellular Vesicles, IPC: Insulin-Producing Cells.