Table 3.
miRNA-guided therapeutic applications of perinatal and neonatal MSCs.
| miRNA | Tissue Origin | Vehicle Type | Target (Gene/Pathway) | Function | Clinical Application | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-17-3p | UCMSCs | Exosomes | STAT1 | Inflammation/Apoptosis Suppression, Oxidative Injury Reduction | Diabetic Retinopathy | [132] |
| miR-17-5p | UCMSCs | Exosomes | SIRT7 | ROS Reduction, Proliferation Promotion | Premature Ovarian Insufficiency | [133] |
| miR-18b | UCMSCs | EVs | MAP3K1/NF-κB/p65 | Apoptosis/Inflammation Inhibition | Diabetic Retinopathy | [134] |
| UCMSCs | EVs | Notch2/TIM3/mTORC1 | Proliferation/Migration Promotion, Blood Pressure Reduction | Pre-Eclampsia | [135] | |
| miR-21 | UCMSCs | EVs | TGF-β2 | Myoblast Differentiation Inhibition | Lung Fibrosis | [136] |
| UCMSCs | Exosomes | LATS1 | Estrogen Secretion Promotion | Premature Ovarian Insufficiency | [137] | |
| UCMSCs | Exosomes | p38 MAPK | Apoptosis/ER Stress Suppression | Diabetes | [138] | |
| miR-23 | UCMSCs | EVs | TGF-βR2 | Myoblast Differentiation Inhibition | Lung Fibrosis | [136] |
| miR-24-3p | UCMSCs | Exosomes | Keap-1 | Lipid Accumulation/ROS Generation/Inflammation Inhibition | Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | [139] |
| miR-26a-5p | UCMSCs | Exosomes | METTL14/NLRP3 | Cell Survival Promotion, Pyroptosis Inhibition | Intervertebral Disc Degeneration | [140] |
| miR-27b | UCMSCs | Exosomes | HOXC6 | EMT Suppression | Subretinal Fibrosis | [141] |
| miR-29a | UCMSCs | EVs | HBP1/Wnt/β-catenin | Proliferation Promotion, Apoptosis Inhibition, Ovarian Function Restoration | Premature Ovarian Insufficiency | [142] |
| Placenta-derived MSCs | Exosomes | - | Differentiation Promotion, Utrophin Increase, Fibrosis/Inflammation Inhibition | Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy | [143] | |
| miR-30c-5p | UCMSCs | EVs | PLCG1/PKC/NF-κB | Inflammation Suppression | Diabetic Retinopathy | [144] |
| miR-100 | UCMSCs | EVs | HS3ST2 | Proliferation/Invasion/Migration/EMT Promotion | Endometriosis | [145] |
| miR-100-5p | UCMSCs | - | NOX4/NLRP3, GSDMD | Inflammation/Oxidative Stress/Apoptosis Inhibition | Premature Ovarian Insufficiency | [146] |
| UCMSCs | EVs | - | M2 Polarization Promotion, Treg Generation | SS Dry Eye | [147] | |
| UCMSCs | EVs | NOX4 | ROS/Oxidative Stress/Apoptosis Inhibition | Heart Failure | [148] | |
| UCMSCs | Exosomes | FZD5/Wnt/β-catenin | Migration Inhibition, Apoptosis Promotion, Inflammation Suppression | Atherosclerosis | [149] | |
| miR-101 | UCMSCs | EVs | BRD4/NF-κB/CXCL11 | Proliferation/Migration Promotion | Pre-Eclampsia | [150] |
| miR-125b | UCMSCs | EVs | IL-6R, IFV genes | Viral Activities/Infection Inhibition | Respiratory Virus-associated Diseases | [151] |
| miR-126 | UCMSCs | Exosomes | HMGB1 | Inflammation Suppression | Retinal Inflammation | [152] |
| miR-126-3p | UCMSCs | Exosomes | PIK3R2, PI3K/AKT/mTOR | Proliferation/Angiogenesis Promotion, Apoptosis Suppression | Premature Ovarian Insufficiency | [153] |
| miR-133 | UCMSCs | Exosomes | - | Proliferation/Survival Promotion, Bregs Production | Immune Thrombocytopenia | [154] |
| miR-133b | UCMSCs | Exosomes | SGK1 | Proliferation/Cell Cycle Progression/Migration/Invasion Promotion, Apoptosis Inhibition | Pre-Eclampsia | [155] |
| miR-140-5p | UCMSCs | Exosomes | FSTL3 | Cell Growth/Angiogenesis Promotion, Inflammation Suppression | Pre-Eclampsia | [156] |
| miR-146a | UCBMSCs | - | - | Inflammation Suppression | Inflammatory Diseases | [157] |
| UCMSCs | Exosomes | SUMO1/β-catenin | Colitis Deterioration/CAC Progression Inhibition | Colitis | [158] | |
| UCMSCs | Exosomes | TRAF6, IRAK1, NF-κB | Fibroblast Activation/Inflammation/Fibrosis Inhibition | Urethral Stricture Diseases | [159] | |
| WJMSCs | Exosomes | - | M2 Macrophage Polarization Promotion, Inflammation Inhibition | Inflammatory Disorders/Sepsis | [160] | |
| miR-146a-5p | UCMSCs | Exosomes | TRAF6 | Neuroinflammation/Pyroptosis Suppression, Autophagy Promotion | Inflammatory Pain | [161] |
| UCMSCs | Exosomes | NOTCH1 | Bleeding/Inflammation/M1 Polarization Suppression, M2 Polarization Promotion | SLE-associated DAH | [162] | |
| UCMSCs | - | TRAF6/STAT1 | M2 Polarization Promotion, Renal Function Improvement, Inflammation Suppression | Diabetic Nephropathy | [163] | |
| UCMSCs | EVs | (TGF-β1/Smad2/3) | Allergic Inflammation/Fibrosis/Airway Remodeling Suppression | Asthma | [164] | |
| miR-147 | WJMSCs | EVs | - | Inflammation Suppression, Macrophage Activation | Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | [165] |
| miR-148a-5p | UCMSCs | - | Notch2 | Proliferation Promotion, Apoptosis/Fibrosis Inhibition | Liver Fibrosis | [166] |
| miR-153-3p | UCMSCs | - | Snai1 | EMT Suppression | Peritoneal Fibrosis | [167] |
| UCMSCs | - | PELI1 | Proliferation/Migration Inhibition, Tfh/Treg Imbalance Promotion | SLE | [168] | |
| miR-181a | UCMSCs | - | - | T Lymphocyte Regulation | SLE | [169] |
| miR-195 | UCMSCs | Exosomes | TFPI2 | Hypoxic Damage Reduction | Pre-Eclampsia | [170] |
| miR-199 | UCMSCs | - | KGF | (Fibrosis Promotion) | Cirrhosis | [171] |
| miR-199a-5p | UCMSCs | - | Sirt1/p53 | CD4+ T-cell Senescence Promotion | SLE | [172] |
| miR-203a-3p.2 | UCMSCs | Exosomes | casp11/4 | Macrophage Pyroptosis/Inflammation Inhibition | IBD | [173] |
| miR-204 | WJMSCs, BMMSCs | Exosomes | STAT3 | Proliferation Inhibition | Pulmonary Hypertension | [174] |
| anti-miR-206 | UCMSCs | - | BDNF, (Egr-1, PSD-95) | Neuroprotection, Neuronal Function Promotion | Age-related Cognitive Decline | [175] |
| anti-miR-210 | UCMSCs | EVs | - | Immunosuppressive Properties | Psoriasis | [176] |
| miR-223 | UCMSCs, (BMMSCs) | Exosomes | ICAM-1 | T cell Adhesion/Migration/Infiltration Inhibition, Inflammatory Factors Suppression | Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease | [177] |
| anti-miR-301a-3p | UCMSCs | - | IGF-1, PI3K/Akt/FOXO3a | Burn-induced Apoptosis/Organ Vascular Permeability Inhibition | Vascular Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction | [178] |
| miR-302d-3p | UCMSCs | Exosomes | FLT4, VEGFR3/AKT | Migration/Tube Formation/Lymphangiogenesis Inhibition | IBD | [179] |
| miR-326 | UCMSCs | Exosomes | NEDD8, NF-κB | Neddylation/Inflammation Inhibition | IBD | [180] |
| miR-335-5p | UCMSCs | Exosomes | ADAM19 | Inflammation/EMT Inhibition | Renal Fibrosis | [181] |
| miR-342-3p | UCMSCs | Exosomes | EDNRA | Thrombus Formation Inhibition, Angiogenesis Promotion | Deep Vein Thrombosis | [182] |
| miR-378 | UCMSCs | EVs | PSMD14/TGF-β1/Smad2/3 | Mesangial Hyperplasia/Fibrosis/Proliferation Suppression | Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) | [183] |
| miR-378a-5p | UCMSCs | Exosomes | NLRP3 | Macrophage Pyroptosis/Inflammation Inhibition, Cell Survival Promotion | IBD/Colitis | [184] |
| miR-455-3p | UCMSCs | - | PAK2 | Profibrogenic Markers Suppression | Liver Fibrosis | [185] |
| miR-499 | WJMSCs | - | TGFβR 1/3 | Creatine Kinase Decrease, Muscle Regeneration, Apoptosis/Fibrosis Inhibition | Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy | [186] |
| miR-627-5p | UCMSCs | Exosomes | FTO | Cell Survival Promotion, Apoptosis Inhibition, Glucose/Lipid Metabolism Improvement | Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | [187] |
| miR-1246 | UCMSCs | Exosomes | PRSS23/Snail/α-SMA | Angiogenesis Promotion, Apoptosis/Hypoxic Damage Reduction | Chronic Heart Failure | [188] |
| miR-1348a-3p | UCMSCs | Exosomes | Serpine1 | Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switching/Migration Inhibition | Neointimal Hyperplasia | [189] |
UCMSCs: Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, UCBMSCs: Umbilical Cord Blood-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, WJMSCs: Wharton’s Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, EVs: Extracellular vesicles, SLE: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, DAH: Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage, IBD: Inflammatory Bowel Disease.