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(A) Study design for the CRP-CVD two-sample bidirectional MR analyses. (B) The validity of the MR method depends on the instrumental variables (IVs) being satisfied for three key assumptions. Genetic instrumental variables were obtained for C-reactive protein levels from UK Biobank. GWAS summary statistics for CVD were obtained from FinnGen or EBI GWAS catalog. Two-sample MR analyses were performed for each exposure–outcome pair.
