Table 7.
Oral antibiotics regimens for pediatrics urinary tract infection
| Antibiotic | Therapeutic dose | Side effect and complication | Bacterial coverage | Contraindication |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TMP | Dose not mentioned like the others Not recommended for children younger than 2 months of age | Nausea and vomiting Pruritus Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome Hyperkalemia thrombocytopenia leucopenia Have multiple drug interactions | E. coli Enterobacter spp. Klebsiella spp. P. mirabilis Coagulase negative S. aureus | In renal impairment and folate deficiency |
| TMP-SMX | 30–60 mg/kg SMZ 6–12 mg/kg TMP Divided Q 12 h Not recommended for children younger than 2 months | Same as TMP Hepatotoxicity Seizures, vertigo Peripheral neuropathy Kernicterus Can lead to pseudomembranous colitis Causes hemolysis in G6PD deficiency | Same as TMP Broader coverage of Proteus and Morganellea spp. | |
| Cephalexin | 50–100 mg/kg divided Q 8 h | Nausea and vomiting Cholestatic hepatitis Neurotoxicity Blood dyscrasia Headache Risk of Clostridium difficile, Candida and Enterococcus spp. Infection | E. coli Mirabilia Klebsiella spp. | |
| Augmentin | 20–40 mg/kg divided Q 8 h Take with meals to enhance absorption | Rash (are associated with infectious mononucleosis and/or leukaemia Transient disturbance of liver enzymes Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Cholestatic hepatitis Electrolyte disturbance Neurotoxicity Blood dyscrasia Risk of Clostridium difficile, Candida, and Enterococcus spp. Infection | Useful against b-lactamase strains of E. coli, Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. | |
| Norfloxacin | Rash, pruritis Nausea and vomiting, diarrhea Phototoxicity Hearing loss and diplopia Peripheral neuropathy Tendon rupture Causes hemolysis in G6PD deficiency | Pseudomonas spp. Antibiotics resistant bacteria | ||
| Nitrofurantoin | 5–7 mg/lg divided Q 6 h Not recommended for children younger than 1 month Antacids reduce potency of drug | Nausea and vomiting, diarrhea Rash Vertigo Peripheral polyneuropathy Urine discoloration Hepatotoxicity is rare Pulmonary toxicity is rare Causes hemolysis in G6PD deficiency | Gram-negative and Gram-positive coverage | |
| Cefixime | 8 mg/kg Q 24 h | Abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, rash | ||
| Cefpodoxime | 10 mg/kg divided Q 12 h | Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, rash | ||
| Cefprozil | Abdominal pain, diarrhea, elevated results on liver function tests, nausea |
TMP: Trimethoprim, TMPSMX: TMP-sulfamethoxazole, P. mirabilis: Proteus mirabilis, S. aureus: Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli: Escherichia coli