Figure 4.

Intermittent theta burst stimulation improves 6-OHDA-induced nonmotor symptoms and neurochemical imbalance. Quantitative analysis of open field behavioral test represented as number of center entries (A) and time in central squares (B). Track plots and heat maps of animals from each group are shown below the graphs. Sucrose preference test was used to assess anhedonia (C), while short-term memory was assessed with novel object recognition test expressed as recognition index (D). Results of post hoc Tukey’s test and significance are shown in graphs, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, ns—not significant. Representative immunoblot membrane and quantitative data analysis showing relative DAT protein abundance in caudoputamen (E). Bars represent the mean value of target protein normalized to GAPDH abundance ± SD (from n = 5–6 individual animals, in 2–4 technical replicates), expressed relative to left caudoputamen, which serves as internal control, arbitrarily defined as 100%. Results of HPLC analysis of dopamine (F) and serotonin (G) concentrations in lesioned caudoputamen expressed as ng/mg tissue. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5–6/group). * p < 0.05 different from sham (two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test, E–G). Dots in the graphs represent values of individual animals.