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. 2023 May 30;12(11):2194. doi: 10.3390/foods12112194

Table 1.

Molecules’ peak areas (mean ± sd) characterized by GC–IMS in sour meat fermented from both goose and pork.

Count Compound CAS Molecule Formula MW * RI RT (s) DT (ms) Goose Pork p-Value
Ketones 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone C108838 C9H18O 142.2 1210.4 756.074 1.77916 1.15 × 103 ± 43.80 7.19 × 102 ± 1.13 × 102 0.008
2-Hexanone C591786 C6H12O 100.2 1093.1 436.042 1.49671 7.90 × 102 ± 66.90 2.23 × 103 ± 2.82 × 102 0.000
4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2 H)-furanone C3658773 C6H8O3 128.1 1053.3 371.81 1.61084 3.05 × 103 ± 3.90 × 102 2.29 × 103 ± 1.15 × 103 0.139
4-Methyl-3-penten-2-one C141797 C6H10O 98.1 1106.1 462.228 1.44482 7.86 × 102 ± 4.19 × 102 3.88 × 102 ± 1.79 × 102 0.093
Isophorone C78591 C9H14O 138.2 1115 480.134 1.25323 1.01 × 103 ± 1.40 × 102 4.97 × 102 ± 63.20 0.000
2-Methyl-dihydro-(2 H)-Furan-3-one C3188009 C5H8O2 100.1 1280.5 1019.37 1.06662 1.74 × 103 ± 2.62 × 102 2.07 × 103 ± 93.20 0.056
MIBK C108101 C6H12O 100.2 1021.3 338.292 1.47542 2.36 × 102 ± 19.10 3.54 × 102 ± 50.70 0.001
3-Methyl-2-pentanone C565617 C6H12O 100.2 1056.3 374.988 1.47533 3.54 × 103 ± 7.26 × 102 4.16 × 103 ± 2.62 × 102 0.155
2-Acetylpyrrole C1072839 C6H7NO 109.1 1082.5 414.813 1.49823 8.98 × 102 ± 2.03 × 102 1.78 × 103 ± 2.21 × 102 0.003
2-Acetylpyrazine C22047252 C6H6N2O 122.1 1017.1 333.894 1.20618 8.62 × 102 ± 1.40 × 102 4.40 × 102 ± 85.10 0.004
Acids Acetic acid C64197 C2H4O2 60.1 1447.3 1673.557 1.05277 1.73 × 104 ± 1.07 × 103 1.52 × 104 ± 1.77 × 103 0.101
Octanoic acid C124072 C8H16O2 144.2 1174.4 628.473 1.44089 9.98 × 102 ± 1.52 × 102 1.87 × 103 ± 3.04 × 102 0.002
2-Methylpentanoic acid (D) C97610 C6H12O2 116.2 1029.9 347.315 1.59258 2.77 × 102 ± 37.50 1.15 × 102 ± 19.90 0.000
2-Methylpentanoic acid (M) C97610 C6H12O2 116.2 1028.9 346.226 1.26389 4.00 × 102 ± 46.80 2.57 × 102 ± 24.30 0.001
Heptanoic acid C111148 C7H14O2 130.2 1082.4 414.564 1.3611 3.66 × 102 ± 12.40 4.37 × 102 ± 54.40 0.013
Nonanoic acid C112050 C9H18O2 158.2 1279.5 1015.116 1.54967 1.50 × 103 ± 2.57 × 102 2.40 × 103 ± 1.65 × 102 0.010
E-2-Decenoic acid C334496 C10H18O2 170.3 1334.9 1232.645 1.48495 2.12 × 102 ± 40.80 3.27 × 102 ± 97.00 0.054
2-Heptenoic acid C18999285 C7H12O2 128.2 1207 744.053 1.40605 1.26 × 103 ± 2.56 × 102 3.10 × 103 ± 2.42 × 102 0.001
Alcohols 1-Octen-3-ol C3391864 C8H16O 128.2 1447.5 1674.263 1.1622 4.63 × 103 ± 6.10 × 102 3.62 × 103 ± 9.00 × 102 0.096
1-Pentanol (D) C71410 C5H12O 88.1 1253.8 914.653 1.51902 1.83 × 103 ± 1.34 × 102 1.52 × 103 ± 4.16 × 102 0.257
1-Pentanol (M) C71410 C5H12O 88.1 1254.1 915.518 1.25162 1.61 × 103 ± 1.27 × 102 1.33 × 103 ± 3.01 × 102 0.199
2-Hexanol C626937 C6H14O 102.2 1235.1 843.655 1.56671 4.13 × 103 ± 1.04 × 103 7.17 × 103 ± 9.86 × 102 0.016
3-Methyl-1-butanol C123513 C5H12O 88.1 1207.6 746.268 1.24551 1.15 × 103 ± 40.60 1.07 × 103 ± 1.03 × 102 0.235
2-Methylbutanol C137326 C5H12O 88.1 1214.5 770.435 1.24551 2.27 × 103 ± 1.71 × 102 1.97 × 103 ± 1.23 × 102 0.036
p-Cymen-7-ol C536607 C10H14O 150.2 1281.2 1021.821 1.32996 5.51 × 103 ± 1.15 × 103 1.03 × 104 ± 1.82 × 103 0.006
(Z)-6-nonen-1-ol C35854865 C9H18O 142.2 1181.1 652.231 1.75376 8.75 × 102 ± 30.50 1.59 × 103 ± 9.61 × 102 0.016
4-Methyl-2-pentanol C108112 C6H14O 102.2 1180.5 650.067 1.54657 2.02 × 103 ± 5.14 × 102 4.15 × 103 ± 1.43 × 103 0.009
1-Nonanol C143088 C9H20O 144.3 1144.7 540.011 1.53779 2.82 × 103 ± 8.05 × 102 3.71 × 103 ± 9.29 × 102 0.105
Alcohols Linalool oxide (D) C60047178 C10H18O2 170.3 1087.7 425.155 1.80714 2.61 × 103 ± 7.70 × 102 1.27 × 103 ± 3.23 × 102 0.016
Linalool oxide (M) C60047178 C10H18O2 170.3 1082.4 414.503 1.25444 4.16 × 102 ± 64.60 3.2 × 6102 ± 68.00 0.137
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol C104767 C8H18O 130.2 1030.4 347.834 1.4048 3.83 × 103 ± 6.13 × 102 4.42 × 103 ± 4.86 × 102 0.129
2-Butanol (D) C78922 C4H10O 74.1 1016.3 333.005 1.33429 1.41 × 103 ± 3.90 × 102 2.71 × 103 ± 3.06 × 102 0.010
2-Butanol (M) C78922 C4H10O 74.1 1016 332.708 1.14461 6.46 × 102 ± 1.90 × 102 2.32 × 102 ± 85.80 0.007
Propanol C71238 C3H8O 60.1 976.8 295.222 1.24209 6.75 × 102 ± 2.14 × 102 1.54 × 102 ± 37.60 0.000
Propan-2-ol C67630 C3H8O 60.1 940.1 275.184 1.08085 7.06 × 102 ± 60.40 5.53 × 102 ± 1.74 × 102 0.207
1-Octanol C111875 C8H18O 130.2 1030.2 347.582 1.46611 7.99 × 103 ± 3.00 × 102 7.04 × 103 ± 4.65 × 102 0.037
2-Furanmethanol, 5-methyl- C3857258 C6H8O2 112.1 949.8 280.488 1.26173 1.93 × 102 ± 46.40 9.20 × 101 ± 9.12 0.001
Aldehydes Cumin aldehyde C122032 C10H12O 148.2 1240.6 862.903 1.33504 3.60 × 103 ± 1.00 × 103 8.59 × 103 ± 2.16 × 103 0.005
trans-2-Undecenal C53448070 C11H20O 168.3 1335.1 1233.494 1.56546 3.86 × 103 ± 2.27 × 102 2.22 × 103 ± 5.03 × 102 0.017
2,4-Decadienal,(E,E)- C25152845 C10H16O 152.2 1315.6 1156.984 1.41449 3.79 × 102 ± 16.70 4.62 × 102 ± 51.90 0.005
(Z)-4-Heptenal C6728310 C7H12O 112.2 1272 985.747 1.62114 2.59 × 103 ± 4.75 × 102 4.85 × 103 ± 1.84 × 103 0.010
2-Hexenal C6728263 C6H10O 98.1 1210.7 757.253 1.50243 1.28 × 104 ± 8.16 × 102 7.70 × 103 ± 1.07 × 103 0.006
2-Methyl-2-pentenal C623369 C6H10O 98.1 1153.1 556.885 1.5028 1.03 × 103 ± 2.27 × 102 2.55 × 103 ± 2.73 × 102 0.001
Hexanal C66251 C6H12O 100.2 1073.1 395.761 1.55606 5.58 × 102 ± 89.50 2.27 × 103 ± 9.09 × 102 0.001
(E)-2-Nonenal C18829566 C9H16O 140.2 1144.7 540.011 1.40541 1.37 × 103 ± 1.13 × 102 7.37 × 102 ± 58.30 0.000
(E)-2-Pentenal C1576870 C5H8O 84.1 1094.4 438.764 1.36432 1.01 × 103 ± 73.90 1.05 × 103 ± 1.34 × 102 0.975
2-Formyl-5-methylthiophene C13679704 C6H6OS 126.2 1108.5 467.078 1.17289 3.40 × 102 ± 46.20 3.20 × 102 ± 26.50 0.838
Octanal C124130 C8H16O 128.2 1006.9 323.217 1.39288 1.13 × 103 ± 2.03 × 102 1.54 × 103 ± 75.20 0.033
Butanal, 3-methyl- C590863 C5H10O 86.1 909.8 258.669 1.19285 4.51 × 102 ± 38.00 5.86 × 102 ± 52.20 0.008
Acetaldehyde diethyl acetal C105577 C6H14O2 118.2 863.4 233.347 1.13106 5.32 × 102 ± 90.20 4.71 × 102 ± 21.70 0.563
Propanal C123386 C3H6O 58.1 842 221.677 1.03933 5.49 × 102 ± 1.50 × 102 4.89 × 102 ± 1.33 × 102 0.863
2-Phenylacetaldehyde C122781 C8H8O 120.2 1013.7 330.292 1.25765 1.95 × 103 ± 3.40 × 102 1.87 × 103 ± 56.70 0.710
Esters Isoamyl propionate C105680 C8H16O2 144.2 1190.1 683.977 1.33833 5.35 × 103 ± 2.37 × 103 1.57 × 104 ± 3.81 × 103 0.005
Ethyl-(E)-2-hexenoate C27829727 C8H14O2 142.2 1334.8 1232.212 1.32568 3.78 × 103 ± 2.68 × 102 6.16 × 103 ± 5.68 × 102 0.001
Hexyl propionate C2445763 C9H18O2 158.2 1329.3 1210.43 1.43 4.53 × 103 ± 6.92 × 102 6.47 × 103 ± 6.47 × 102 0.021
(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate C3681718 C8H14O2 142.2 1315.4 1155.965 1.30104 3.60 × 102 ± 23.20 2.92 × 102 ± 23.80 0.015
Hexyl acetate (D) C142927 C8H16O2 144.2 1271.7 984.728 1.88721 1.25 × 103 ± 91.60 2.58 × 103 ± 2.26 × 103 0.044
(Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol, Pentanoate C35852461 C11H20O2 184.3 1272.2 986.766 1.48608 1.53 × 103 ± 28.50 1.26 × 103 ± 3.50 × 102 0.122
Ethyl hexanoate (D) C123660 C8H16O2 144.2 1234.6 841.923 1.79323 6.16 × 103 ± 3.86 × 102 9.92 × 103 ± 1.89 × 103 0.002
Hexyl acetate (M) C142927 C8H16O2 144.2 1271.9 985.651 1.38787 1.63 × 103 ± 85.90 1.89 × 103 ± 4.85 × 102 0.383
Eesters Ethyl benzoate C93890 C9H10O2 150.2 1160.1 577.835 1.26386 9.73 × 102 ± 1.61 × 102 5.00 × 102 ± 68.00 0.001
γ-Octalactone C104507 C8H14O2 142.2 1255.6 921.364 1.33563 4.68 × 103 ± 9.39 × 102 1.06 × 104 ± 2.47 × 103 0.002
Ethyl hexanoate (M) C123660 C8H16O2 144.2 1234.7 842.104 1.34131 3.84 × 103 ± 4.45 × 102 6.48 × 103 ± 1.12 × 103 0.002
Hexyl butanoate C2639636 C10H20O2 172.3 1188.4 678.191 1.48375 9.06 × 102 ± 87.10 1.39 × 103 ± 1.86 × 102 0.003
(Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate C16491364 C10H18O2 170.3 1181.4 653.414 1.41322 9.61 × 102 ± 58.10 7.61 × 102 ± 1.07 × 102 0.038
Ethyl 2-methylpentanoate C39255328 C8H16O2 144.2 1141.7 534.023 1.74779 1.12 × 104 ± 1.16 × 102 9.35 × 103 ± 3.20 × 103 0.137
Sotolon C28664359 C6H8O3 128.1 1097.4 444.752 1.61692 2.79 × 102 ± 24.50 5.70 × 102 ± 2.84 × 102 0.007
Ethyl levulinate C539888 C7H12O3 144.2 1082 413.724 1.64736 4.97 × 102 ± 55.40 7.92 × 102 ± 2.66×102 0.032
Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, Butyl ester C109193 C9H18O2 158.2 1074.2 397.938 1.38714 1.22 × 103 ± 84.70 8.69 × 102 ± 91.10 0.006
Isopentyl butanoate C106274 C9H18O2 158.2 1060.1 378.974 1.40381 5.11 × 102 ± 45.20 3.71 × 102 ± 57.00 0.017
Butyl formate C592847 C5H10O2 102.1 1014 330.632 1.5051 5.57 × 102 ± 77.30 4.87 × 102 ± 1.33×10² 0.282
Ethyl propanoate C105373 C5H10O2 102.1 1011.2 327.666 1.44949 6.71 ×103 ± 2.54×102 6.11 × 103 ± 2.84×102 0.021
Butyl propanoate C590012 C7H14O2 130.2 908.2 257.789 1.27492 5.02 × 102 ± 69.60 8.46 × 102 ± 1.97×102 0.005
Ethyl acetate C141786 C4H8O2 88.1 943.6 277.07 1.33409 3.49 × 102 ± 26.40 4.93 × 102 ± 59.90 0.003
Ethyl butanoate C105544 C6H12O2 116.2 1014.5 331.173 1.5593 1.10 × 103 ± 1.46×102 7.65 × 102 ± 1.45×102 0.020
n-Butyl lactate C34451199 C7H14O3 146.2 1018.6 335.453 1.26872 2.65 × 102 ± 51.10 1.33 × 102 ± 7.96 0.000
Heptyl acetate C112061 C9H18O2 158.2 1073.5 396.604 1.448 5.63 × 103 ± 1.87 × 103 4.62 × 103 ± 2.04 × 103 0.811
Geranyl acetate C105873 C12H20O2 196.3 1400 1487.894 1.21911 4.14 × 102 ± 59.60 1.83 × 102 ± 32.80 0.000
cis-Rose oxide C3033236 C10H18O 154.3 1111.6 473.354 1.38248 3.18 × 103 ± 3.65 × 102 1.68 × 103 ± 2.53 × 102 0.002
Others Dipropyl disulfide C629196 C6H14S2 150.3 1098.5 446.929 1.47388 1.23 × 103 ± 2.11 × 102 2.25 × 103 ± 6.31 × 102 0.006
2,6-Dimethylpyrazine (D) C108509 C6H8N2 108.1 1327.6 1204.024 1.53744 1.76 × 104 ± 7.42 × 102 1.03 × 104 ± 1.37 × 103 0.004
2,6-Dimethylpyrazine (M) C108509 C6H8N2 108.1 1331.2 1218.118 1.14507 3.30 × 103 ± 1.67 × 102 3.09 × 103 ± 1.49 × 102 0.059
α-Phellandrene C99832 C10H16 136.2 1152 554.708 1.67323 4.86 × 102 ± 25.00 1.34 × 103 ± 4.68 × 102 0.000
4-Methyl-5-vinylthiazole C1759280 C6H7NS 125.2 1029.9 347.315 1.53323 4.62 × 102 ± 32.60 1.99 × 102 ± 37.40 0.001
Decalin C91178 C10H18 138.3 1063.2 382.237 1.23101 5.61 × 102 ± 1.44 × 102 1.82 × 102 ± 15.10 0.000
β-Myrcene C123353 C10H16 136.2 977.3 295.442 1.28554 2.45 × 103 ± 2.71 × 102 1.02 × 103 ± 2.30 × 102 0.002
Ethylpyrazine C13925003 C6H8N2 108.1 933.6 271.661 1.12623 4.13 × 102 ± 81.50 3.21 × 102 ± 52.40 0.051
2,3-Diethyl-5-Methylpyrazine C18138040 C9H14N2 150.2 1154 558.675 1.27281 9.39 × 102 ± 69.70 8.97 × 102 ± 65.40 0.364
2-Isobutyl-3-Methylpyrazine C13925069 C9H14N2 150.2 1142.5 535.449 1.30033 1.78 × 102 ± 44.70 1.96 × 102 ± 93.00 0.863
2-Heptylfuran C3777717 C11H18O 166.3 1212.6 763.852 1.40704 3.13 × 103 ± 6.22 × 102 4.40 × 103 ± 2.19 × 102 0.035
2-Pentylfuran C3777693 C9H14O 138.2 1230.8 828.288 1.25257 8.35 × 102 ± 77.00 8.67 × 102 ± 63.50 0.383

* Notes: MW—molecular mass; RI—retention index; Rt—retention time; Dt—drift time. p-value was calculated by t-test, and the cutoff value was set as below 0.05.