architectural proteins	proteins playing a structural role in chromatin organization, include linker and core histone proteins and insulator proteins
acetylated histone protein	an epigenetic marker; an indicator of transcriptional competence
BBB	blood–brain barrier
BDNF	brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BETi(s)	BET inhibitor(s) of transcription factors of the BRD family
BRD	bromodomain [bromo- and extra-terminal motif (BET) domains] family of proteins (BRD1, BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT) that bind to acetylated histone and promote the recruitment of macromolecular complexes with an increase in DNA transcriptional competence; belong to the functional class of readers
CB1	cannabinoid receptor 1
CBP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein [CREB-binding protein]; transcriptional coactivator
CCL2	C-C motif ligand 2; chemokine
ChIP	chromatin immunoprecipitation; protocols for profiling chemical modification of chromatin using immunoprecipitating methods
chromatin accessibility	the degree to which nuclear macromolecules are able to physically contact chromatinized DNA and is determined by the occupancy and topological organization of nucleosomes and other chromatin-binding factors that regulate access to the DNA
chromatin-binding factors	non-histone macromolecules binding to DNA (either directly or indirectly)
CNS	central nervous system
CpG	cytosine–guanine site; a dinucleotide sequence subject to preferred methylation; CpG sequences are predominantly concentrated in non-coding regions of the genome (CpG islands [CpG island]) and are associated with promoter DNA regions
CRP	C-reactive protein
CXCL1/10	C-X-C motif ligand 1/10; chemokine
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
DNMT	DNA methyltransferase; methyltransferase of the DNMT3a type is represented by several isoforms and is responsible for de novo methylation, and DNMT1 (and DNMT3b)—interact with methylated loci; DNMT belongs to the functional class of writers
DNMTi(s)	DNMT inhibitor(s)
enhancer	a non-coding regulatory region of DNA, which, after binding of transcription factors to it, stimulates gene transcription
epigenome (epigenetic landscape)	a set of epigenetic phenomena in a cell at the estimated time
euchromatin	areas of decondensed, transcriptionally competent state of chromatin
EWASs	epigenome-wide association studies
GWASs	genome-wide association studies
H	histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3, H4), constituting, in the form of dimers, a nucleosome complex
HAT	histone acetyltransferase; belongs to the functional group of writers; in general, HAT increases gene expression
HATi(s)	HAT inhibitor(s)
HDAC	histone deacetylase; HDACs are epigenetic erasers and make the DNA less accessible to transcription factors; the HDAC family includes zinc-dependent enzymes of the HDACI, HDACII, HDACIV, and NAD+-dependent HDACIII classes (sirtuins, SIRT)
HDACi(s)	HDAC inhibitor(s)
heterochromatin	areas of condensed, transcriptionally incompetent state of chromatin (DNA and histone proteins)
HIF1	hypoxia-inducible factor 1
IGF2	insulin-like growth factor 2
IL-6	interleukin-6; has both pro- and anti-inflammatory activities depending on the tissue type
insulator	a non-coding protein-binding regulatory DNA sequence that regulates inter-chromosomal (enhancer-blocking insulators) and intra-chromosomal (barrier to the spread of neighboring heterochromatin) interactions within a particular DNA locus, flanked by insulators
KDM	lysine-specific demethylase [lysine demethylase]; KDM belongs to the functional class of erasers
KDMi(s)	KDM inhibitor(s)
KMT	lysine histone methyltransferase; KMT belongs to the functional class of writers
KMTi(s)	KMT inhibitor(s)
MAO B	monoamine oxidase B
MMP9	matrix metalloproteinase 9
methylated cytosine DNA (5mC, 5-methylcytosine)	epigenetic marker; an indicator of transcriptional incompetence; 5hmC—5-hydroxymethylcytosine, derivative of 5mC acting in further oxidation
ncRNA	non-coding functionally active RNA sequences [non-coding RNA]; the most important regulators of the epigenome are microRNAs [miRNAs], enhancer and long-length non-coding RNAs [eRNAs and lncRNAs]
NGF	nerve growth factor
NGS	next-generation sequencing; massively parallel DNA and RNA sequencing methods providing ultra-high throughput, scalability, and speed of analysis
nucleosome (complex)	the main structure-forming element of chromatin, an octamer of histone proteins encircled by approximately 147 DNA bp; together the composition and post-translational modification of nucleosomes regulate chromatin accessibility
p75(NTR)	p75 neurotrophin receptor, mediating a set of signaling pathways, including caspase-dependent signaling
PCAF	p300/CBP-associated factor, regulates crosstalk-dependent acetylation of histone H3 by distal site recognition
PGC1α	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; transcriptional coactivator
PK/PD	pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
PPARδ	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta; nuclear hormone receptor
promoter	non-coding DNA region that binds to RNA polymerase and helper proteins initiating the transcription
PUFA(s)	polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)
RNA	ribonucleic acid
ROS	reactive oxygen species
STAT3	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TAD	topologically associated domain; a genomic region that self-interacts to form a three-dimensional structure, which determines the possibility of active interaction of regulatory elements (promoter–enhancer loops) and the transcriptional competence of a particular DNA locus
TF(s)	transcription factor(s); non-histone protein(s) binding directly to DNA and controlling the transcription rates
TET proteins	ten-eleven translocation proteins; enzymes that hydroxylate methylated cytosine (5mC); TET proteins belong to the functional class of erasers
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor alpha; cytokine