EIS monitoring of 2000 µM (A) SLL, (B) SDS, (C) LA, (D) LacA, and (E) LA + LacA (Mix) interactions with tethered bilayer lipid membrane (tBLM) platform. Time-resolved changes in the conductance (Gm) and capacitance (Cm) signals were tracked. The initial baseline values correspond to the tBLM platform prior to compound/mixture addition. The test compounds/mixtures were added at t = 10 min (arrow 1) and a buffer washing step was performed at t = 40 min (arrow 2). Note that the mixture concentration is 2000 µM LA + 2000 µM LacA, which is equivalent to 2000 µM SLL. (F) Summary of Gm and Cm shifts after compound/mixture addition for 30 min (Treatment) and after buffer washing (Post-Wash). Data are reported as mean values from n = 3 measurements, and the error bars represent the corresponding standard deviation values.