Symbol	Interpretation
$A$	geometric surface area of the electrode, [m2]
$A_{\mathrm{p}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}}$	particle surface area, [m2]
$a_s$	specific surface area of the porous electrode, [m2 m−3]
$\mathrm{b}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{g}$	Bruggeman coefficient, [unitless]
$c_{e,0}$	initial electrolyte salt concentration, [mol m−3]
$c_s$	concentration of lithium in the lithium iron-phosphate, [mol m−3]
$c_{s,0}$	initial concentration of lithium in the lithium iron-phosphate, [mol m−3]
$c_{s,99\%}$	concentration of lithium in the lithium iron-phosphate charged to 99%, [mol m−3]
$c_{s,\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}$	maximum concentration of lithium in the iron-phosphate, [mol m−3]
$D_e$	diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the electrolyte, [m−2 s−1]
$D_e^{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{f}}$	effective electrolyte diffusivity, [m−2 s−1]
$D_s$	diffusion coefficient of lithium in the lithium iron-phosphate, [m−2 s−1]
$F$	Faraday’s constant, 96485 [C mol−1]
$f_{\mathrm{A}}$	activity coefficient of the electrolyte, [unitless]
$j$	lithium flux across interface, [mol m−2 s−1]
$i_0$	exchange current density, [A m−2]
$I$	applied current density, [A m−2]
$L$	cell width, [m]
$L_{\mathrm{s}}$	width of the electrode, [m]
$L_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{p}}$	width of the separator, [m]
$L_{\mathrm{Z}}$	length of the lithium iron-phosphate cylindrical particle, [m]
$N$	number of ion-impermeable spots on the lithium iron-phosphate particle [unitless]
$r$	radial coordinate, [m]
$R$	universal gas constant, 8.31451 [J mol−1 K−1]
$R_{\mathrm{f}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{m}}$	resistance of the film covering the active surface of the lithium iron phosphate, [Ω m2]
$R_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{T}}$	resistance of the coating of the lithium iron phosphate, [Ω m2]
$R_s$	radius of the iron-phosphate particle, [m]
$S_A$	active surface fraction of the lithium iron phosphate (allows ion intercalation) [unitless]
$S_i$	ion-impermeable surface fraction of the lithium iron phosphate [unitless]
$t$	time, [s]
$t_{90\%}$	diffusion time required to charge material up to 90% by potential step technique, [s]
$t_{+}^0$	transference number, [unitless]
$T$	cell temperature, [K]
$U_{\mathrm{O}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{P}}$	open circuit potential, [V]
$x$	distance across the cell, [m]
$z$	distance along the cylindrical particle, [m]
$\alpha$	Charge transfer coefficient, [unitless]
${\epsilon }_e$	volume fraction of the electrolyte in the electrode phase, [unitless]
${\epsilon }_s$	volume fraction of the LFP in the electrode phase, [unitless]
${\epsilon }_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{p}}$	volume fraction of the separator in the separator phase, [unitless]
$\eta$	overpotential, [V]
$\theta$	angular coordinate, [rad]
$\kappa$	electrolyte conductivity, [S m−1]
${\kappa }^{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{f}}$	effective electrolyte conductivity, [S m−1]
$\sigma$	solid conductivity, [S m−1]
${\sigma }^{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{f}}$	effective solid conductivity, [S m−1]
${\phi }_e$	potential in the electrolyte, [V]
${\phi }_s$	potential of the lithium iron phosphate, [V]