Table 1.
Interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 families.
| Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Family [34,35] | |||
| Cytokines | Pro-Infl | Anti-Infl | Cell Source |
| IL-1α | + | Epithelial, endothelial, stromal cells | |
| IL-1β | + | Monocytes/macrophages | |
| IL-18 | + | Kupffer cells, intestinal epithelial cells | |
| IL-33 | + | Keratinocytes, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblast-like cells | |
| IL-36α | + | Epithelial cells | |
| IL-36β | + | Epithelial cells | |
| IL-36γ | + | Epithelial cells | |
| Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Family [36] | |||
| Cytokines | Pro-Infl | Anti-Infl | Cell Source |
| IL-6 | + | + | B cells, T cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells |
| IL-11 | + | Stroma cells, fibroblasts | |
| CNF | + | + | Astrocytes |
| LIF | + | + | Pleiotropic |
| OSM | + | + | Pleiotropic |
| CT-1 | + | Myocytes | |
| CLC | + | + | Lymphocytes |
| IL-27 | + | T cells | |
| IL-31 | + | Monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells | |
Members of the Il-1 and Il-6 families perform pro- and anti-inflammatory activities, which are summarized on Table 1, as is cell origin. Abbreviations used in the table: CNF: ciliary neurotrophic factor, LIF: leukemia inhibitory factor, OSM: oncostatin M, CT-1: cardiotrophin 1, CLC: cardiotrophin-like protein. Pro-Infl means pro-inflammatory, and Anti-Infl means anti-inflammatory.