Table 1.
Epidemiological factors and disease status of the study participants. Healthy volunteers (controls, n = 20) and Alzheimer’s patients (AD, n = 20).
| Controls (n = 20) | AD (n = 20) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD) | 76.85 ± 7.9 | 80.85 ± 5.3 | 0.075 |
| Gender (n %): | 1 | ||
| Male | 10 (50%) | 8 (40%) | |
| Female | 10 (50%) | 12 (60%) | |
| Education (mean of years ± SD) | 11.9 ± 3.7 | 8.35 ± 3.4 | 0.003406 * |
| MMSE score (mean ± SD) | 29.83 ± 1.2 | 20.95 ± 2.9 | 2.86 × 10−12 * |
| GDS (mean ± SD) | 3.05 ± 2.9 | 5.38 ± 3.5 | 0.060041 |
| BMI (mean ± SD) | 27.08 ± 1.6 | 25.3 ± 3.9 | 0.108194 |
| Comorbidities (n, %): | |||
| Alcohol | 12 (60%) | 11 (55%) | 0.749 |
| Smoker | 12 (60%) | 6 (30%) | 0–056 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 6 (30%) | 3 (15%) | 0.255 |
| Diabetes | 3 (15%) | 3 (15%) | 1 |
| Hypertension | 9 (45%) | 6 (30%) | 0.327 |
| TIA/ischemia | 1 (5%) | 1 (5%) | 1 |
| Cardiac ischemia | 0 (0%) | 2 (10%) | 0.167 |
| Prior tumors | 4 (20%) | 2 (10%) | 0.375 |
| Drugs: | |||
| Antihypertension | 9 (45%) | 6 (30%) | 0.327 |
| Hypoglycaemic | 3 (15%) | 3 (15%) | 1 |
| Hypolipidemic | 6 (30%) | 3 (15%) | 0.255 |
| Antiplatelet | 1 (5%) | 3 (15%) | 0.197 |
| Antiacid | 2 (10%) | 4 (20%) | 0.375 |
MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; GDS: geriatric depression scale; BMI: body mass index. * Statistically significant.