. 2023 May 29;12(11):3738. doi: 10.3390/jcm12113738

Table 1.

Characteristics of studies included in Meta-analysis [6,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97].

	WHO Region	Country	Admission	NNJ	Gestation	EBT	aBAER	ABE	Deaths	SNJ	Risk of Bias	Ref #
Abolghasemi H et al., 2004	Eastern Med	Iran **	2000	283	All	18				18	7	[15]
Adebami OJ et al., 2010	African	Nigeria **	605	89	All			6		6	5	[16]
Adebami OJ et al., 2011	African	Nigeria **	882		All	24		28	9	28	6	[17]
Adhikari S et al., 2017	SE Asian	Nepal **	1708	662	All	28				28	5	[18]
Ahmed et al., 2005	SE Asian	India **	1275	305	All	198				198	7	[19]
Akintan PE et al., 2019	African	Nigeria **	534	158	Only term				11	11	5	[20]
Arain Y et al., 2020	Americas	USA ⁺⁺	509		Preterms only	1				1	6	[21]
Arnolda G et al., 2015	SE Asian	Myanmar **	2780	989	All	118				118	8	[22]
Atay E et al., 2005	European	Turkey ⁺	2681	624	Term	98		6		98	5	[23]
Audu LI et al., 2016	African	Nigeria **	558	123	Term-near term	50		32	16	50	7	[24]
Bakhru V DR et al., 2018	SE Asian	India **	1210	121	Term and near-term	2				2	7	[25]
Bhat P et al., 2016	SE Asian	India **	6000	406	Term-near term	35				35	7	[26]
Bhutani V et al., 2016	Americas	USA ⁺⁺	2944	677	Term-near term	89				89	7	[27]
Bokade C et al., 2018	SE Asian	India **	1038	101	All				5	5	5	[28]
Bozkurt O et al., 2020	European	Turkey ⁺	3200	115	Term and near-term	67	45			67	7	[29]
Bulbul A et al., 2011	European	Turkey ⁺	6192	782	Term-near term	116		6	1	116	7	[30]
Celik HT et al., 2013	European	Turkey ⁺	14,947	4906	All	167		3		167	8	[31]
Chhapola V et al., 2018	SE Asian	India **	39,217		Not specified	1575				1575	4	[32]
Colak R CS et al., 2020	European	Turkey ⁺	3370	338	Not specified	4	1	2	12	4	6	[33]
de Ccarvalho et al., 2011	Americas	Brazil ⁺	4002	116	Term-near term		3			116	8	[34]
Eke CV et al., 2013	African	Nigeria **	2756		All				41	41	7	[35]
El-Honni MS et al., 2013	Eastern Med	Libya ⁺	1585	400	Term	70		41	2	70	6	[36]
Emokpae AA et al., 2016	African	Nigeria **	5229	1118	All	352		190	61	352	8	[37]
Eneh AU et al., 2008	African	Nigeria **	206	44	All	36		6	2	36	8	[38]
Erdeve O et al., 2018	European	Turkey ⁺	34,670	5620	Term and near-term	132	13	11	2	132	7	[39]
Eshete A et al., 2020	African	Ethiopia *	913	52	All				7	7	5	[40]
Eze P et al., 2020	Eastern Med	Yemen *	976	183	All				5	5	5	[41]
Ezeaka C et al., 2004	African	Nigeria **	487	141	All				24	24	7	[42]
Ezeaka C et al., 2005	African	Nigeria **	535	104	Preterms only				11	11	5	[43]
Fahmy N et al., 2017	Eastern Med	Egypt **	1725	647	All				19	19	6	[44]
Fein EH et al., 2019	Americas	USA ⁺⁺	1,939,745	94,626	Only term		9		9	9	6	[45]
Fajolu IB et al., 2011	African	Nigeria **	1297		All	52				52	4	[46]
Farouk Z et al., 2017	African	Nigeria **	386	100	All	26		27	11	27	8	[47]
Farouk Z et al., 2018	African	Nigeria **	2813	551	All			104	33	104	8	[48]
Hadgu FB et al., 2020	African	Ethiopia *	1785	247	All				21	21	5	[49]
Hakan N et al. et al., 2015	European	Turkey ⁺	7450	1862	All	306		17	3	306	7	[50]
Hameed NN et al., 2014	Eastern Med	Iraq ⁺	5034	162	Term-near term	53		99	19	53	7	[51]
Hanson C et al., 2019	SE Asian	India **	6820	1513	All				14	14	5	[52]
Haroon A et al., 2014	Eastern Med	Pakistan **	326	124	Preterms only	6				6	7	[53]
Helal NF et al., 2019	Eastern Med	Egypt **	972	674	Term and near-term		81		8	81	7	[54]
Ibekwe RC et al., 2012	African	Nigeria **	1374	237	All	40			7	40	8	[55]
Iqbal BJ et al., 2016	Eastern Med	Pakistan **	1323	377	All				15	15	5	[56]
Isa HM et al., 2017	Eastern Med	Bahrain ⁺⁺	2940	1129	All	49		11		49	5	[57]
Israel-Aina et al., 2012	African	Nigeria **	1784	472	All	166			60	166	7	[58]
Jajoo M et al., 2019	SE Asian	India **	1675		All	136	39			136	6	[59]
Kilicdag et al., 2014	European	Turkey ⁺	5300	529	Term-near term	33		3		33	6	[60]
Kumar MN et al., 2012	SE Asian	India **	236	48	all				1	1	5	[61]
Malla T et al., 2015	SE Asian	Nepal **	1114	481	All	29				29	8	[62]
Malik FR et al., 2016	Eastern Med	Pakistan **	4497		All				62	62	4	[63]
Mirajkar S et al., 2016	SE Asian	India **	2704	575	Term		8			8	6	[64]
Mmbaga BT et al., 2012	African	Tanzania **	5033	174	All				5	5	5	[65]
Nyangabyaki-Twesigye C et al., 2020	African	Uganda *	4840	242	All	17			7	7	8	[66]
Ochigbo SO et al., 2016	African	Nigeria **	2820	553	All	17		21	8	17	8	[67]
Ogunfowora O.B et al., 2019	African	Nigeria **	2232	645	All	4	40			40	7	[68]
Ogunlesi TA et al., 2007	African	Nigeria **	4198	722	All	87		115	42	115	7	[69]
Ogunlesi TA et al., 2011	African	Nigeria **	990	152	Term			75		75	6	[70]
Ogunlesi, TA et al., 2019	African	Nigeria **	519		All		6		6	6	4	[71]
Ojukwu JU et al., 2004	African	Nigeria **	536	61	All			1	1	1	5	[72]
Okagua J et al., 2017	African	Nigeria **	622	92	All				28	28	5	[73]
Okechukwu AA et al., 2009	African	Nigeria **	654	58	All		20		11	20	5	[74]
Onyearugha CN et al., 2014	African	Nigeria **	1196	172	All	48		5	2	48	8	[75]
Osaghae DO et al., 2013	African	Nigeria **	641	105	All				3	3	5	[76]
Pius S et al., 2017	African	Nigeria **	639	64	All	30		3	5	30	7	[77]
Poudel P et al., 2009	SE Asian	Nepal **	140	103	Preterm only	29		0		29	3	[78]
Rasul CH et al., 2010	SE Asian	Bangladesh **	1981	426	All	22		9	12	22	8	[79]
Rijal P et al., 2011	SE Asian	Nepal **	820	86	All	4				4	7	[80]
Salih SA et al., 2013	Eastern Med	Sudan *	100	46	Preterm only				6	6	5	[81]
Salas AA et al., 2008	Americas	Bolivia **	1167	362	Term-near term	78		15		78	6	[82]
Simiyu DE et al., 2003	African	Kenya **	308	106	All				24	24	5	[83]
Simiyu DE et al., 2004	African	Kenya **	533	198	Preterm only	6			121	121	3	[84]
Singh SK et al., 2016	SE Asian	India **	1175	167	All	38		10		38	8	[85]
Singla DA et al., 2017	SE Asian	India **	1970	432	Term-near term	60		10	2	60	7	[86]
Speleman K et al., 2012	European	Belgium ⁺⁺	615	363	All			12		12	7	[87]
Tagare A et al., 2013	SE Asian	India **	1801	52	Preterms only	7			31	11	6	[88]
Taghidiri MM et al., 2008	Eastern Med	Iran **	834		All		11			11	7	[89]
Tette EMA et al., 2020	African	Ghana **	2004	155	All				12	12	5	[90]
Thangavelu K et al., 2019	European	Germany ⁺⁺	4512	1286	All	10		12	26	26	8	[91]
Thielemans L et al., 2018	SE Asian	Thailand ⁺	2980	1946	All	212				212	8	[92]
Turner C et al., 2013	SE Asian	Thailand ⁺	952	448	All				7	7	5	[93]
Udo JJ et al., 2008	African	Nigeria **	794	153	All				8	8	5	[94]
Ugochukwu EF et al., 2002	African	Nigeria **	133		Preterm only				2	2	3	[95]
Usman F et al., 2019	African	Nigeria **	360	66	Only term		20	16		20	8	[6]
Wouda EMN et al., 2020	SE Asian	Thailand ⁺	2980	1946	All	4	35		14	35	8	[96]
Zhang F et al., 2020	West Pacific	China ⁺	26,369	673	Term and near-term	195	73			195	6	[97]

* low income country; ** lower middle income country; ⁺ upper middle income country; ⁺⁺ high income country. WHO: World Health Organization; NNJ: neonatal jaundice; EBT: exchange blood transfusion; abnormal Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response: aBAER; acute bilirubin encephalopathy: ABE: severe neonatal jaundice: SNJ: Reference number: Ref #: Eastern Mediterranean: Eastern Med; South-East Asian: SE Asian.