Table 2.
Predictors | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|
Age Group, yrs | <0.001 | |
18–44 yrs | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
45–59 yrs | 1.31 (1.18,1.46) | <0.001 |
60–74 yrs | 1.73 (1.57,1.91) | <0.001 |
75 yrs or older | 2.28 (2.06,2.52) | <0.001 |
BMI Group | <0.001 | |
Below 20 | 1.33 (1.23,1.43) | <0.001 |
20–25 | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
26–30 | 0.65 (0.58,0.71) | <0.001 |
31–35 | 0.39 (0.35,0.43) | <0.001 |
36–39 | 0.43 (0.39,0.48) | <0.001 |
40 and above | 0.56 (0.52,0.61) | <0.001 |
Deyo-CCI | <0.001 | |
1 | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
0 | 0.83 (0.73,0.93) | 0.001 |
2 or higher | 1.85 (1.72,2.00) | <0.001 |
Gender | <0.001 | |
Male | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
Female | 0.78 (0.75,0.82) | <0.001 |
Race | <0.001 | |
Non-white | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
White | 0.85 (0.80,0.89) | <0.001 |
Comorbidities | ||
Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter | <0.001 | |
No | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
Yes | 1.69 (1.61,1.79) | <0.001 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | <0.001 | |
No | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
Yes | 0.90 (0.85,0.95) | <0.001 |
Congestive heart failure | <0.001 | |
No | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
Yes | 1.28 (1.20,1.36) | <0.001 |
Diabetes Mellitus | <0.001 | |
No | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
Yes | 0.66 (0.63,0.70) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | <0.001 | |
No | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
Yes | 0.58 (0.55,0.62) | <0.001 |
Peripheral vascular disorders | 0.697 | |
No | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
Yes | 1.02 (0.94,1.10) | 0.697 |
Renal failure | <0.001 | |
No | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
Yes | 1.36 (1.29,1.43) | <0.001 |
CI = Confidence Interval; BMI = Body Mass Index; Deyo-CCI = Deyo Comorbidity Index; N/A = Not applicable.