Table 3.
Predictors | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|
Age Group, yrs | <0.001 | |
18–44 yrs | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
45–59 yrs | 1.27 (1.13,1.43) | <0.001 |
60–74 yrs | 1.72 (1.54,1.92) | <0.001 |
75 yrs or older | 1.91 (1.70,2.14) | <0.001 |
BMI Group | <0.001 | |
Below 20 | 1.35 (1.25,1.47) | <0.001 |
20–25 | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
26–30 | 0.66 (0.59,0.73) | <0.001 |
31–35 | 0.42 (0.38,0.47) | <0.001 |
36–39 | 0.48 (0.43,0.54) | <0.001 |
40 and above | 0.66 (0.61,0.72) | <0.001 |
Gender | <0.001 | |
Male | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
Female | 0.84 (0.80,0.89) | <0.001 |
Race | 0.004 | |
Non-white | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
White | 0.92 (0.87,0.97) | 0.004 |
Deyo-CCI | <0.001 | |
1 | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
0 | 0.91 (0.81,1.03) | 0.149 |
2 or higher | 1.74 (1.60,1.89) | <0.001 |
Comorbidities | ||
Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter | <0.001 | |
No | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
Yes | 1.58 (1.49,1.67) | <0.001 |
Congestive heart failure | 0.006 | |
No | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
Yes | 1.10 (1.03,1.17) | 0.006 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | <0.001 | |
No | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
Yes | 0.82 (0.77,0.87) | <0.001 |
Diabetes Mellitus | <0.001 | |
No | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
Yes | 0.66 (0.62,0.70) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | <0.001 | |
No | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
Yes | 0.69 (0.65,0.73) | <0.001 |
Peripheral vascular disease | <0.001 | |
No | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
Yes | 0.80 (0.73,0.87) | <0.001 |
Renal failure | <0.001 | |
No | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
Yes | 1.15 (1.08,1.22) | <0.001 |
CI = Confidence Interval; BMI = Body Mass Index; Deyo-CCI = Deyo Comorbidity Index; N/A = Not applicable.