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. 2023 May 29;24(11):9445. doi: 10.3390/ijms24119445

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

The schema demonstrating adrenergic control of sleep and epileptic spike-wave discharges (SWDs) and SWDs-promoting effect of agonists of alpha2-ARs. Alpha1 and alpha2 adrenoreceptors (ARs) are shown in red and blue colors respectively. Neurons of Locus Coeruleus (LC) releases noradrenaline (NA) and distributes it all over the brain (cyan color). Thalamus is shown in purple color. SWDs do not occur during deep sedation (green font). Our hypothesis about SWDs-promoting effect of agonists of alpha2-ARs (a) received experimental proofs. We came up with the term "alpha2-wakefulness" to describe the state with the predominant effect of alpha2 ARs. See description in the text.